Table 3.

Unadjusted means and standard deviations for the health behaviors at each assessment, and tests of difference in adjusted means

Outcome variables	Total sample N = 2759	No depression symptoms N = 1988 (72%) (1)	Improved depression symptoms N = 382 (14%) (2)	Worsening depression symptoms N = 214 (8%) (3)	Persistent depression symptoms N = 175 (6%) (4)	Global test of statistical significance F(3,2595)	Baselinea			5 Yearb
							1 vs. 2	1 vs.3	1 vs.4	1 vs.2	1 vs.3	1 vs.4
Days with a healthy diet							***		***		***	***
Baseline	4.9 (1.9)	4.9 (1.9)	3.8 (2.0)	4.9 (1.9)	3.7 (2.2)	32.94***
5 Year	5.3 (1.7)	5.4 (1.7)	4.9 (1.9)	4.6 (2.0)	4.0 (2.1)	22.10***
Days eating fruits and vegetables of at least 5 servings							***		***		***
Baseline	4.0 (2.4)	4.2 (2.4)	3.2 (2.4)	4.0 (2.5)	3.2 (2.5)	15.74***
5 Year	4.1 (2.6)	4.2 (2.6)	3.9 (2.5)	3.5 (2.7)	3.7 (2.7)	6.71***
Days eat high fat foods?							*				*
Baseline	3.1 (1.9)	3.0 (1.9)	3.3 (1.9)	3.0 (1.9)	3.4 (2.0)	2.75*
5 Year	2.7 (2.1)	2.6 (2.1)	2.6 (2.1)	2.9 (2.2)	2.8 (2.2)	1.88
Days of 30 + minutes of physical activity							**		**		**	**
Baseline	3.2 (2.3)	3.5 (2.3)	2.5 (2.2)	3.2 (2.2)	2.5 (2.2)	15.87***
5 Year	2.9 (2.5)	3.1 (2.5)	2.5 (2.5)	2.3 (2.5)	1.9 (2.2)	8.78***
Days with specific exercise session							***		***		***	*
Baseline	2.3 (2.3)	2.5 (2.4)	1.7 (2.1)	2.2 (2.4)	1.4 (1.8)	12.16***
5 Year	2.1 (2.4)	2.3 (2.5)	1.8 (2.2)	1.5 (2.2)	1.4 (2.2)	6.15***
Smoking at 5 years - % (N)							**
Baseline	7.9% (217)	6.5% (129)	12.8% (49)	9.3% (20)	10.9% (19)	3.46*
5 Year	6.6% (181)	5.2% (104)	11.0% (42)	7.9% (17)	10.3% (18)	0.21

^aCovariates used: age, gender, race, employment, education, marital status, macro/micro events before and after Cohort Entry Date, # diabetes complications, Rx risk, HbA_1c, insulin use, type 1 diabetes, years with diabetes.

^bCovariates same as ^a(baseline) + baseline outcome variable.

^*p <.01 ;

^**p <.001;

^***p <.0001.