Table 3.
Antimicrobial activities of methanol extract and essential oil of A. sieheana (inhibition zones. mm).
| Microorganisms |
Methanol extract (%)
|
Essential |
Antibiotics (μg)
|
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | 5 | 2.5 | 1 | oil | AMP | C | CN | E | OX | ||
| Gram (-) | |||||||||||
| A. hydrophila | 9.0 ± 0.0 * | 8.0 ± 0.0 | 7.5 ± 0.7 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 9.0 ± 0.0 a | 27.0 ± 0.0 a | 18.0 ± 0.0 | 8.5 ± 0.7 | 20.0 ± 0.0 | 15.0 ± 0.0 | |
| E. coli | - | - | - | - | 8.0 ± 0.0 | 6.5 ± 0.7 | 17.0 ± 0.0 | 9.0 ± 0.0 | - | - | |
| M. morganii | - | - | - | - | 10.0 ± 0.0 | - | 11.0 ± 0.0 | - | - | - | |
| K. pneumoniae | 8.5 ± 0.7 | - | - | - | 7.5 ± 0.7 | 14.0 ± 0.0 | 13.0 ± 0.0 | 6.5 ± 0.7 | 11.0 ± 0.0 | - | |
| P. mirabilis | - | - | - | - | 8.5 ± 0.7 | 26.0 ± 0.0 | 19.0 ± 0.0 | 8.0 ± 0.0 | - | - | |
| P. aeruginosa | 9.0 ± 0.0 | 8.5 ± 0.7 | 7.5 ± 0.7 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 8.0 ± 0.0 | 25.0 ± 0.0 | 15.0 ± 0.0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | - | - | |
| S. typhimurium | - | - | - | - | 9.0 ± 0.0 | 24.0 ± 0.0 | 22.0 ± 0.0 | 8.0 ± 0.0 | - | - | |
| Y. enterocolitica | 7.0 ± 0.0 | - | - | - | 8.0 ± 0.0 | 8.0 ± 0.0 | 17.0 ± 0.0 | 9.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | - | |
| Gram (+) | |||||||||||
| B. brevis | 10.0 ± 0.0 | 8.5 ± 0.7 | 6.5 ± 0.7 | - | 10.5 ± 0.7 | 8.0 ± 0.0 | 20.0 ± 0.0 | 16.0 ± 0.0 | 22.0 ± 0.0 | - | |
| B. cereus | 13.0 ± 1.4 | 10.0 ± 0.0 | 8.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 10.0 ± 0.0 | 31.0 ± 0.0 | 21.0 ± 0.0 | 11.0 ± 0.0 | 18.0 ± 0.0 | 20.0 ± 0.0 | |
| B. subtilis | - | - | - | - | 9.0 ± 0.0 | 24.0 ± 0.0 | 25.0 ± 0.0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | 20.0 ± 0.0 | 19.0 ± 0.0 | |
| L. monocytogenes | 13.0 ± 0.0 | 10.0 ± 0.0 | - | - | 9.0 ± 0.0 | 28.0 ± 0.0 | 25.0 ± 0.0 | 13.0 ± 0.0 | 23.0 ± 0.0 | - | |
| S. aureus | 8.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | - | - | 8.0 ± 0.0 | 16.0 ± 0.0 | 15.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | - | |
| Yeasts | |||||||||||
| C. albicans | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| S. cerevisiae | - | - | - | - | 14.0 ± 0.0 | - | - | - | - | - | |
*: Inhibition zones include diameter of hole (5 mm). Sample amount is 50 μL.
a: inhibition zones include diameter of disc (6 mm).
Values expressed are mean ± standard deviation of two experiments.
Ampicillin (AMP-10 μg/disc), Chloramphenicol (C-30 μg/disc), Erythromycin (E-15 μg/disc), Gentamicin (CN-10 μg/disc), Oxacillin (OX-1 μg/disc).
-:Not active