Table I.

Malformations indicative of specific XLID syndromes

Periventricular heterotopia	FLNA-associated XLID
Lissencephaly	ARX-associated XLID CK syndrome X-linked lissencephaly
Hydranencephaly	ARX-associated XLID Hydrocephaly-MASA spectrum
Retinal lacunae	Aicardi syndrome
Cleft lip	XLID cleft lip/cleft palate Telecanthus-hypospadias
Tracheoesophageal fistula/esophageal atresia	VACTERL-hydrocephaly
Imperforate anus	VACTERL-hydrocephaly Opitz FG syndrome
Renal agenesis	Lenz microphthalmia
Cystic kidneys	Oral-Facial-Digital syndrome I Simpson-Golabi-Behmel
Ambiguous genitalia	ARX-associated XLID ATRX-associated XLID
Radial aplasia	VACTERL-hydrocephaly
Radioulnar synostosis	Guiffre-Tsukahara
Vertebral segmentation	VACTERL-hydrocephaly Christian syndrome