Figure 3.

Effects of atrazine on the resistance and tolerance to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Resistance (a) and tolerance (atrazine-exposed (b), solvent-exposed (c)) of Osteopilus septentrionalis frogs to Bd when challenged with Bd immediately after the atrazine exposure or a mean of 46 days later (post-metamorphosis). Animals that died before the end of the experiment, but had zero Bd load, were excluded to isolate the effects of tolerance from cost of exposure [8], though results were similar when these individuals were included in the analysis (electronic supplementary material, Results). Shown are means (±s.e.) in (a). Given that there was no atrazine-by-exposure period interaction for tolerance (p = 0.681), the load for the post-metamorphic frogs in (b,c) was scaled (multiplied by 1.7) to match that of the pre-metamorphic frogs to facilitate visualizing the overall effect of atrazine, and a single best-fit line is provided for the two exposure periods.