TABLE 3.
ORs and 95% CIs of Major Childhood Cancers According to Measures of Fetal Growth, Nordic Countries, 1967–2010
| Growth Measure | Wilms Tumor | Retinoblastoma | CNS Tumor | Bone Tumor | Connective/Soft Tissue Tumor | Lymphoma | ALL | AML | Overall | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Birth weight, g | ||||||||||||||||||
| 500–1999 | 1.6 | 0.83–3.3 | 1.1 | 0.43–2.9 | 1.1 | 0.81–1.5 | 1.6 | 0.69–3.7 | 0.78 | 0.34–1.8 | 1.1 | 0.58–2.0 | 0.75 | 0.51–1.1 | 0.50 | 0.17–1.5 | 1.0 | 0.86–1.2 |
| 2000–2499 | 1.1 | 0.65–1.8 | 1.0 | 0.53–2.0 | 1.1 | 0.88–1.4 | 0.93 | 0.48–1.8 | 0.91 | 0.53–1.6 | 1.2 | 0.80–1.8 | 0.90 | 0.69–1.2 | 0.99 | 0.55–1.8 | 1.0 | 0.90–1.1 |
| 2500–2999 | 0.92 | 0.71–1.2 | 0.70 | 0.47–1.0 | 1.1 | 0.97–1.2 | 0.96 | 0.71–1.3 | 0.92 | 0.68–1.3 | 0.98 | 0.79–1.2 | 0.91 | 0.81–1.0 | 0.90 | 0.66–1.2 | 1.0 | 0.94–1.1 |
| 3000–3499 | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref |
| 3500–3999 | 1.1 | 0.93–1.3 | 1.0 | 0.79–1.3 | 1.1 | 0.99–1.1 | 1.1 | 0.85–1.3 | 1.2 | 1.0–1.5 | 1.0 | 0.87–1.2 | 1.1 | 1.0–1.2 | 1.0 | 0.83–1.2 | 1.1 | 1.1–1.1 |
| 4000–4499 | 1.5 | 1.3–1.9 | 1.1 | 0.79–1.4 | 1.1 | 1.0–1.2 | 1.2 | 0.91–1.6 | 1.3 | 0.99–1.6 | 1.3 | 1.1–1.5 | 1.2 | 1.1–1.4 | 1.1 | 0.89–1.5 | 1.2 | 1.1–1.3 |
| 4500–6000 | 1.8 | 1.3–2.6 | 1.5 | 0.95–2.5 | 1.3 | 1.1–1.5 | 1.4 | 0.89–2.2 | 1.4 | 0.90–2.1 | 1.2 | 0.86–1.6 | 1.5 | 1.3–1.8 | 1.3 | 0.85–2.0 | 1.4 | 1.3–1.5 |
| Birth length, cm | ||||||||||||||||||
| 40–49 | 0.90 | 0.73–1.1 | 0.92 | 0.68–1.2 | 0.97 | 0.89–1.1 | 1.0 | 0.80–1.3 | 1.1 | 0.86–1.4 | 0.98 | 0.82–1.2 | 0.98 | 0.89–1.1 | 1.1 | 0.86–1.4 | 0.98 | 0.93–1.0 |
| 50–52 | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref |
| 53 | 0.93 | 0.72–1.2 | 1.2 | 0.87–1.7 | 0.92 | 0.82–1.0 | 1.1 | 0.81–1.5 | 0.99 | 0.75–1.3 | 1.2 | 0.99–1.5 | 0.99 | 0.88–1.1 | 1.2 | 0.88–1.5 | 1.0 | 0.96–1.1 |
| 54–62 | 1.1 | 0.86–1.5 | 1.2 | 0.81–1.7 | 1.1 | 0.95–1.2 | 0.83 | 0.58–1.2 | 1.3 | 0.97–1.8 | 1.1 | 0.92–1.4 | 0.89 | 0.78–1.0 | 0.81 | 0.58–1.1 | 1.0 | 0.96–1.1 |
| Ponderal index, kg/m3 | ||||||||||||||||||
| <24.0 | 1.2 | 0.93–1.5 | 1.2 | 0.87–1.7 | 0.98 | 0.89–1.1 | 1.2 | 0.87–1.6 | 0.97 | 0.73–1.3 | 1.0 | 0.85–1.3 | 0.97 | 0.87–1.1 | 1.1 | 0.82–1.4 | 1.0 | 0.96–1.1 |
| 24.0–29.9 | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref |
| ≥30.0 | 1.0 | 0.83–1.3 | 0.76 | 0.55–1.1 | 1.0 | 0.91–1.1 | 1.2 | 0.95–1.6 | 1.0 | 0.80–1.3 | 0.84 | 0.70–1.0 | 1.0 | 0.91–1.1 | 1.1 | 0.84–1.4 | 0.99 | 0.94–1.0 |
| Head circumference, cm | ||||||||||||||||||
| 20–32 | 0.84 | 0.52–1.4 | 1.1 | 0.57–1.9 | 0.94 | 0.78–1.1 | 1.2 | 0.70–2.1 | 0.86 | 0.49–1.5 | 0.88 | 0.61–1.3 | 0.97 | 0.78–1.2 | 1.4 | 0.83–2.2 | 0.96 | 0.87–1.1 |
| 33–34 | 0.96 | 0.77–1.2 | 1.0 | 0.74–1.3 | 1.0 | 0.94–1.1 | 1.0 | 0.77–1.3 | 1.1 | 0.88–1.4 | 1.0 | 0.84–1.2 | 0.93 | 0.84–1.0 | 0.85 | 0.66–1.1 | 0.97 | 0.92–1.0 |
| 35–36 | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref |
| 37–38 | 0.97 | 0.75–1.3 | 1.2 | 0.84–1.7 | 1.1 | 1.0–1.3 | 0.89 | 0.61–1.3 | 1.1 | 0.84–1.6 | 1.1 | 0.91–1.4 | 1.0 | 0.91–1.2 | 0.93 | 0.67–1.3 | 1.1 | 1.0–1.1 |
| 39–45 | 0.83 | 0.31–2.2 | 0.81 | 0.24–2.8 | 1.7 | 1.2–2.3 | 0.51 | 0.12–2.2 | 0.68 | 0.20–2.3 | 1.1 | 0.53–2.1 | 1.0 | 0.68–1.5 | 0.50 | 0.15–1.7 | 1.2 | 0.98–1.4 |
| Birth weight by gestational age | ||||||||||||||||||
| SGA | 1.3 | 0.78–2.0 | 1.1 | 0.53–2.1 | 0.95 | 0.77–1.2 | 1.4 | 0.84–2.4 | 1.0 | 0.58–1.8 | 0.91 | 0.60–1.4 | 1.2 | 0.96–1.5 | 1.8 | 1.1–3.1 | 1.1 | 1.0–1.2 |
| AGA | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref | 1.0 | Ref |
| LGA | 2.1 | 1.2–3.6 | 0.77 | 0.33–1.8 | 1.1 | 0.85–1.4 | 1.0 | 0.50–2.1 | 2.1 | 1.1–4.4 | 0.78 | 0.47–1.3 | 1.2 | 0.91–1.5 | 1.1 | 0.56–2.1 | 1.1 | 0.94–1.2 |
ORs were adjusted for gestational age, birth weight, maternal age, and parity. AGA, appropriate for gestational age.