. 2013 Nov;132(5):e1173–e1183. doi: 10.1542/peds.2013-1816

TABLE 1.

Characteristics of Youth Aged 10 to 17 With HA: By Use of CAM Therapies, 2007 NHIS Data

Characteristics Evaluated	All Youth Aged 10 to 17 y (n = 4263, Estimated 33.2 million in United States), %	Youth With HA (10.6%; n = 434; Estimated 3.52 million), %	Youth With HA who DID NOT Use CAM (70.4%; n = 296; Estimated 2.46 million), %	Youth with HA Who Used CAM (29.6%, n = 133; Estimated 1.03 million), %
Age^a
10–12 y (n = 1437)	36.7	31.4	35.4	22.0
13–15 y (n = 1591)	36.7	33.9	32.6	36.7
16–17 y (n = 1235)	26.5	34.7	32.1	41.3
Gender
Male (n = 2248)	51.3	46.5	48.9	40.7
Female (n = 2015)	48.7	53.5	51.1	59.3
Race/ethnicity^a
Hispanic (n = 1160)	19.0	21.0	23.6	14.4
White, non-Hispanic (n = 2028)	59.1	59.5	54.4	73.4
African American, non-Hispanic (n = 743)	15.1	13.6	16.0	6.8
Asian, non-Hispanic (n = 208)	3.6	1.3^b	1.2^b	1.7^b
Multi/Other, non-Hispanic (n = 124)	3.3	4.5	4.9	3.7
Family income^a
0% to 99% FPL (n = 676)	15.3	21.4	25.1	11.9
100% to 199% FPL (n = 990)	23.7	26.0	27.3	23.6
200% to 399% FPL (n = 1325)	31.7	30.8	27.9	37.9
400% FPL or above (n = 1272)	29.4	21.9	19.7	26.7
Maternal education^a
Less than high school (n = 692)	14.8	15.5	17.9	10.1
High school or GED (n = 1031)	26.9	23.9	26.3	18.0
More than high school (n = 2103)	58.3	60.6	55.8	71.9
Insurance type^a
Public insurance only (n = 1065)	24.2	28.2	29.4	24.8
Any private insurance (n = 2664)	65.0	59.1	55.0	69.5
Uninsured (n = 513)	10.9	12.7	15.6	5.7^b
Co-occurring chronic conditions
Has at least 1+ chronic conditions or problems assessed in NHIS^c (other than HA) (n = 2383)	56.6	86.4	83.3	94.0^g
Has 1+ emotional, mental or behavioral health condition or problem^d (n = 858)	20.7	44.8	42.5	51.0
Has 1+ non-HA pain related conditions^e (n = 517)	12.1	38.1	32.7	50.9^g
Other limitations and difficulties
Missed 2+ weeks of school/year (n = 202)	4.7	12.0	7.7	22.1^g
Limited in daily activities due to health^f (n = 380)	9.4	17.8	14.5	25.4^g
Definite/severe difficulties in emotions, concentration or behavior (n = 224)	6.2	14.6	12.6	19.5^g

^{^a}

χ² test: differences between youth with HA who used CAM and who did not use CAM are statistically significant at a .05 level of significance.

^{^b}

Cells do not meet standards of precision (relative SE >30%).

^{^c}

Chronic conditions: arthritis, other chronic pain, anxiety/stress, depression, attention-deficit disorder/attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, phobia/fears, insomnia/trouble sleeping, bedwetting/incontinence, food/digestive allergies, frequent diarrhea/colitis, acid reflux/heartburn, recurring constipation, asthma, hay fever, respiratory allergies, other lung/breathing problem, other allergies, 3 or more ear infections, autism, cerebral palsy (only last 2 quarters of data due to data validity issue noted by the National Center for Health Statistics),⁶² Down syndrome, muscular dystrophy, mental retardation, speech problems, developmental delay, learning disability, seizure, other neurologic problems, hearing problems, vision problems, eczema/skin allergy, severe acne, cancer, congenital heart disease, cystic fibrosis, diabetes, other heart problems, problems with being overweight, menstrual problems, fatigue/lack of energy, gum disease, anemia, and sickle cell anemia.

^{^d}

EMB conditions/problems: anxiety/stress, depression, attention-deficit disorder/attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, phobia/fears, insomnia/trouble sleeping, and incontinence/bedwetting.

^{^e}

Non-HA pain-related conditions/problems: arthritis, abdominal pain, back/neck pain, and other chronic pain.

^{^f}

Limited in personal care, difficulty walking without using any special equipment, difficulty remembering or experience periods of confusion, receive Special Education or Early Intervention Services or limited in any way not previously mentioned.

^{^g}

t test: differences between youth with HA who used CAM and who did not use CAM are statistically significant at a .05 level of significance.