TABLE 3.
Rates of Conventional Medical Care Use (Annual) and Average Adjusted Overall Medical Expenditures for Youth With HA, By CAM Use and Multiple Chronic Condition Status
| Categories of Conventional Medical Care Use and Expenditures | All Youth 10–17 y, 100% | Youth Without HA, 89.4% Youth | Youth With HA, 10.6% Youth | Youth With HA Who DID NOT Use CAM, 70.4% Youth With HA | Youth With HA Who Used CAM, 29.6% Youth With HA | Youth With HA + Other Chronic Conditions Who Used CAM, 9.2% Youth | Youth With HA + EMB Conditions Who Used CAM, 4.8% Youth | Youth with HA + other pain-related conditions who used CAM (4.0% Youth) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conventional medical care (NHIS), % | ||||||||
| 2 or more office visits (n = 2382) | 58.0 | 55.7 | 77.3a | 75.5 | 81.8 | 83.9 | 90.8b | 88.5b |
| 6 or more visits (n = 462) | 11.9 | 9.8 | 29.0a | 25.1 | 38.6b | 40.9b | 58.4b | 50.4b |
| 1 or more emergency department visit (n = 737) | 18.6 | 16.7 | 34.5a | 33.2 | 38.0 | 40.1 | 49.1b | 42.9 |
| Prescription medications for 3+ months (n = 601) | 15.4 | 13.5 | 30.9a | 28.1 | 38.0d | 39.9c | 58.1b | 45.5b |
| Specialist visit (n = 585) | 14.8 | 13.3 | 27.4a | 22.1 | 40.2b | 41.2b | 38.8b | 52.0b |
| Mental health visit (n = 354) | 8.7 | 7.6 | 17.6a | 13.8 | 26.8b | 28.3b | 47.3b | 28.8b |
| Ancillary services (PT, OT, Speech, RT, etc) (n = 182) | 4.6 | 4.2 | 8.5a | 4.9 | 17.0b | 18.1b | 23.9b,c | 20.7b |
| Hospitalization (n = 89) | 2.1 | 1.7 | 5.1a | 3.9 | 8.1c | 8.6 | 12.1c,d | 8.4%c |
| Medical care expenditures (NHIS/MEPS) | $ amount (95% CI) | $ amount (95% CI) | $ amount (95% CI) | $ amount (95% CI) | $ amount (95% CI) | $ amount (95% CI) | $ amount (95% CI) | $ amount (95% CI) |
| Adjusted total health care expenditurese (n = 1070) | $1601 (1550–1651) | $1503 (1449–1557) | $2219a (2061–2377) | $2031 (1866–2196) | $2929b (2541–3318) | $3229b (2768–3699) | $3167b (2810–3525) | $3357b (2683–4031) |
| Percent of children with out-of-pocket expenditures for prescription medications (n = 370), % | 41.4 | 38.8 | 59.5a | 55.3 | 72.6 | 73.0 | 79.5b | 72.2 |
| Adjusted out-of-pocket expenditurese (n = 1070) | $388 (356–410) | $418 (393–444) | $411 (352–470) | $350 (291–409) | $595b (461–730) | $586b (443–730) | $453d (362–543) | $607b (406–807) |
Data Sources: 2007 NHIS and 2007 NHIS/2008 MEPS linked file. PT, physical therapist; OT, occupational therapist; RT, respiratory therapist.
Statistically significant at P < .05 level comparing youth with HA versus without HA.
Statistically significant at P < .05 level comparing youth with HA or with other co-occurring conditions who used CAM versus youth with HA who did not use CAM.
Cells do not meet standards of precision (relative SE is >30%).
Statistically significant at P = .1 level of significance.
Estimated by 2-part model adjusting for child’s age, gender, race/ethnicity, family income, and US geographic region.