Table 2. Spherical Equivalent (SE) in Right Eyes Determined by Autorefraction and Retinoscopy.

Age (yrs)	N	SE (D)
		Mean	SD	Median	Range	Kurtosis	Skewness
All children	2478	1.42(1.54)	0.79(0.76)	1.38(1.50)	15.25(14.50) *	13.61(10.78) #	0.05(0.39)
3	373	1.44(1.58)	0.76(0.713)	1.38(1.50)	5.62(5.620)	1.61(1.77)	0.39(0.38)
4	817	1.47(1.90)	0.82(0.78)	1.38(1.50)	9.00(8.75)	3.98(4.30)	0.80(0.94)
5	846	1.41(1.53)	0.82(0.82)	1.38(1.50)	15.25(14.00)*	29.23(20.82)#	−0.85(−0.11)
6	442	1.33(1.45)	0.70(0.66)	1.25(1.50)	5.38(5.50)	1.76(1.89)	0.13(0.22)
P trend		0.03
Boys	1309	1.35(1.49)	0.71(0.68)	1.25(1.25)	6.00(6.12)	2.01(2.11)	0.49(0.56)
3	201	1.34(1.49)	0.72(0.66)	1.38(1.50)	4.75(4.75)	1.00(1.30)	0.05(−0.06)
4	433	1.46(1.59)	0.78(0.74)	1.38(1.50)	5.25(5.12)	2.41(2.63)	0.95(1.09)
5	437	1.33(1.46)	0.64(0.64)	1.25(1.50)	3.88(4.12)	0.39(0.51)	0.26(0.32)
6	238	1.22(1.34)	0.66(0.63)	1.25(1.25)	4.75(5.12)	1.93(2.02)	−0.33(−0.20)
P trend		<0.001
Girls	1169	1.49(1.61)	0.87(0.83)	1.50(1.50)	15.25(14.0) *	18.90(14.73) #	−0.30(0.20)
3	172	1.56(1.67)	0.78(0.76)	1.50(1.63)	5.38(5.12)	1.89(1.75)	0.66(0.65)
4	384	1.48(1.62)	0.87(0.83)	1.50(1.50)	9.00(8.75)	5.08(5.43)	0.66(0.80)
5	409	1.49(1.60)	0.98(0.98)	1.50(1.50)	15.25(14.00)*	30.69(22.80)#	−1.28(−0.37)
6	204	1.47(1.58)	0.71(0.66)	1.50(1.50)	4.50(4.25)	1.25(1.45)	0.50(0.61)
P trend		0.76

Data in parentheses were determined by retinoscopy.

^*There is one outlier with myopia of −8.50 D in the right eye (female, aged 5). When this outlier is excluded, the range decreases to 9.62(10.12), 7.25(8.00), 9.62(10.12) and 7.12(7.88) for all children, 5-year-old children, all girls and 5-year-old girls, respectively.

^#When this outlier is excluded, the kurtosis decreases to be 4.59(6.26), 7.55(10.71), 5.79(7.94) and 8.61(11.65) for that in all children, the 5-year-old children, all girls and the 5-year-old girls, respectively.