Table 2.

Toxicity of microcystins for some species of fish.

Species	Toxic concentrations	Effects	References
Loach (Misguruns mizolepis)	0–500 μg MC-LR/L, during 30 days	Mortality and abnormalities such as: pericardial edema and tubular heart, bradycardia, homeostasis, poor yolk resumption, small head, curved body and tail, abnormal hatching.	[43]
Chub (Leuciscus cephalus)	0.5, 5, 50 μg MC-LR or MC-RR/L	Dose-dependent decrease of survival rate.	[46]
Zebrafish(Danio rerio)	0.5, 5, 50 μg MC-LR or MC-RR/L; 5, 50 μg MC-LR/L	Retarded survival rate and growth. Survival rate reduced by 40%, weight reduced by 25%.	[44]
Medaka (Oryzias latipes)	Microinjection MC-LR 1–10 μg /mL (0.1–2 pg or 1–20 pg of toxin injected)	Dose dependent mortality of embryos. Hepatobiliary damages such as hepatobiliary hypertrophy, hepatic hemorrhage and necrosis at late development stages.	[47]
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)	0.5, 5, 50 μg MC-YR or MC-RR/L and 50 μg MC-LR/L	Stimulated hatching	[44]