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. 2013 Oct 31;4:351. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00351

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Copyright © 2013 Federici, Martini and Gattorno.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Different strategies for IL-1 blockade. Free interleukin (IL)-1b binds to type 1 IL-1 receptor (IL-1R1) and to the adaptor protein IL-1RAcP leads to signal transduction (1). Human recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist (hrIL-1Ra, Anakinra) (2) competes with free IL-1β for the binding with IL-1R1 but not with the adaptor protein, thus preventing signal transduction. Rilonacept (3) is a fusion protein comprising the extracellular domains of the IL-1β receptor (IL-1RI) and adaptor protein (IL-1RAcP) attached to a human IgG molecule. Its action is to bind to circulating IL-1β. The same mechanism of action is also valid for Canakinumab (4), a fully humanized anti-IL-1 monoclonal antibody.