Table 1.
Characteristics of ADDITION-Cambridge participants with complete data at baseline and 1-year follow-up (n = 736)
| Men (n = 453) | Women (n = 283) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Baseline | Follow-up | P-value* | n | Baseline | Follow-up | P-value* | |
| Age, years | 453 | 60.3 (7.5) | — | — | 283 | 62.3 (6.3) | — | — |
| Age finished full-time education, % | ||||||||
| < 16 years | 453 | 45.2 | — | — | 283 | 52.0 | — | — |
| 16–18 years | 42.4 | 38.8 | ||||||
| > 18 years | 12.4 | 9.3 | ||||||
| Ethnicity, % | ||||||||
| White | 452 | 97.6 | — | — | 283 | 95.8 | — | — |
| Asian | 2.2 | 3.5 | ||||||
| Previous heart attack, % yes | 452 | 10.9 | 11.4 | 0.65 | 283 | 2.5 | 3.6 | 0.56 |
| Previous stoke, % yes | 452 | 3.8 | 4.6 | 0.32 | 283 | 3.9 | 5.5 | 0.13 |
| Weight, kg | 448 | 98.6 (17.3) | 95.4 (16.8) | < 0.001 | 282 | 88.2 (15.9) | 84.0 (15.8) | < 0.001 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 451 | 114.2 (13.0) | 111.4 (12.9) | < 0.001 | 282 | 107.5 (13.0) | 103.9 (13.0) | < 0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 448 | 32.6 (5.2) | 31.7 (5.1) | < 0.001 | 281 | 34.5 (5.9) | 33.0 ( 5.9) | < 0.001 |
| Alcohol, units/week | 438 | 10.0 (12.3) | 8.9 (11.3) | 0.003 | 269 | 3.6 (6.1) | 3.1 (5.1) | < 0.001 |
| Smoking status, % | ||||||||
| Non-smoker/former | 445 | 81.0 | 82.7 | 0.23 | 279 | 86.2 | 88.9 | 0.01 |
| Current smoker | 19.0 | 17.3 | 13.8 | 11.1 | ||||
| Total energy intake, kcal/day | 440 | 2014.8 (708.6) | 1731.4 (527.9) | < 0.001 | 276 | 1797.7 (625.5) | 1631.7 (603.8) | < 0.001 |
| Self-reported physical activity | ||||||||
| Home (MET h/week) | 433 | 29.7 (28.6) | 31.5 (25.7) | 0.15 | 269 | 59.9 (30.4) | 59.9 (33.0) | 0.97 |
| Work (MET h/week)† | 204 | 104.0 (55.6) | 102.3 (59.2) | 0.55 | 76 | 62.5 (41.5) | 66.4 (49.1) | 0.34 |
| Recreational (MET h/week) | 413 | 33.9 (40.2) | 37.8 (40.9) | 0.055 | 271 | 22.3 (30.4) | 20.4 (22.6) | 0.31 |
| Vigorous (h/week) | 451 | 0.41 (1.7) | 0.59 (1.6) | 0.080 | 280 | 0.24 (0.7) | 0.32 (0.8) | 0.098 |
| Prescribed medication, % yes | ||||||||
| Lipid lowering medication | 447 | 25.4 | 57.1 | < 0.001 | 282 | 20.1 | 52.8 | < 0.001 |
| Glucose lowering medication | — | — | 31.1 | — | — | — | 28.7 | — |
| Anti-hypertensive medication | 447 | 51.9 | 64.4 | < 0.001 | 282 | 61.1 | 69.9 | < 0.001 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||||||
| Total cholesterol, mmol/l | 443 | 5.3 (1.1) | 4.4 (1.0) | < 0.001 | 274 | 5.6 (1.2) | 4.7 (0.8) | < 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 451 | 143.2 (19.9) | 138.3 (18.2) | < 0.001 | 280 | 139.5 (19.8) | 132.9 (18.7) | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 440 | 57 (N/A)§ | 48 (N/A)§ | < 0.001 | 269 | 55 (N/A)§ | 48 (N/A)§ | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c,% | 440 | 7.4 (1.8) | 6.5 (0.9) | < 0.001 | 269 | 7.2 (1.6) | 6.5 (0.8) | < 0.001 |
| Modelled 10-year cardiovascular disease risk‡ | 423 | 0.36 (0.1) | 0.31 (0.1) | < 0.001 | 255 | 0.23 (0.1) | 0.18 (0.09) | < 0.001 |
All values are means (SD) unless otherwise indicated.
McNemar’s test for categorical variables and paired t-test for continuous variables.
Including only those participants who had a job at baseline and 1 year.
Calculated using the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) risk engine (version 3), excluding participants who experienced a previous heart attack or stroke.
It is not possible to calculate International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) values for low HbA1c values.
The sample size was at least 413 for men and 255 for women for all variables, with the exception of work (self-reported physical activity) (men = 204; women = 76)
MET, metabolic equivalent; N/A, not available.