Table 1.
Characteristics of individuals without diabetes in the screened and unscreened groups of the Ely cohort at the health assessment in 2000–2003
| Screened group (n = 731) | Unscreened group (n = 711) | P-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 63.5 (7.7) | 61.9 (7.0) | < 0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 308 (42.1) | 358 (50.4) | 0.002 |
| Townsend score† | −1.43 (1.98) | −1.65 (1.73) | 0.03 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 97 (10.6) | 92 (11.7) | 0.5 |
| Alcohol consumption, units/week‡ | 3.2 (0.4–10) | 3.0 (0.38–10) | 0.6 |
| Number visits to general practitioner in previous year‡ | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–4) | 0.1 |
| Number visits to nurse in previous year‡ | 1.0 (0.5–2) | 1.0 (0–2) | 0.4 |
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| HbA1c, mmol/mol (IFCC) | 35 (6) | 36 (7) | 0.002 |
| HbA1c, % (DCCT) | 5.4 (0.5) | 5.5 (0.7) | 0.002 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.9 (4.4) | 27.4 (4.8) | 0.07 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 91.9 (13.1) | 94.1 (13.1) | 0.002 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 132 (16) | 132 (17) | 0.7 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 79 (10) | 79 (10) | 0.99 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/l | 5.6 (1.0) | 5.6 (1.1) | 0.8 |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/l | 3.5 (0.9) | 3.5 (1.0) | 0.7 |
| Self-reported medication | |||
| Anti-hypertensive drugs, n (%) | 230 (25.1) | 197 (25.1) | 0.98 |
| Lipid-lowering drugs, n (%) | 69 (7.5) | 72 (9.2) | 0.2 |
| Anti-platelet drugs, n (%) | 81 (8.9) | 75 (9.6) | 0.6 |
| Antidepressant drugs, n (%) | 52 (5.7) | 38 (4.8) | 0.4 |
| Anxiolytic drugs, n (%) | 5 (0.5) | 5 (0.6) | 0.8 |
| Cardiovascular disease | |||
| Rose questionnaire > 3, n (%) | 78 (8.5) | 53 (6.8) | 0.2 |
| Self-reported myocardial infarction, n (%) | 28 (4.5) | 29 (4.3) | 0.9 |
| Self-reported stroke, n (%) | 13 (2.1) | 12 (1.8) | 0.7 |
| Self-reported hyperlipidaemia, % (n) | 201 (29.5) | 122 (17.7) | < 0.001 |
| Self-reported angina, % (n) | 51 (8.1) | 44 (6.5) | 0.3 |
| Self-reported hypertension, % (n) | 310 (34.8) | 251 (32.4) | 0.3 |
| Functional status | |||
| Physical health summary score (SF-36)‡ | 90 (75–95) | 90 (75–95) | 0.4 |
| Mental health summary score (SF-36)‡ | 84 (68–92) | 84 (68–92) | 0.8 |
| EQ-5D score§ | 0.82 (0.80–0.84) | 0.82 (0.81–0.84) | 0.8 |
| EQ-visual analogue scale§ | 78.3 (77.2–79.4) | 77.7 (76.5–79.0) | 0.9 |
All values are mean (sd) unless otherwise indicated.
Groups were compared using the unpaired t-test for normally distributed continuous variables, the Mann–Whitney U-test for non-normally distributed continuous data and the χ2-test for categorical data.
A composite measure of material deprivation based on four factors derived from the 1991 UK census.
Presented as median (interquartile range).
Presented as geometric means (95% CI). Numbers may not add up to total because of (1) missing data for some variables or (2) higher denominator for questionnaire-based measures.
DCCT, Diabetes Control and Complications Trial; EQ, EuroQoL; IFCC, International Federation of Clinical Chemistry; SF-36, 36-item Short Form.