Table 14: Impact of eTools on Achievement of Clinical Guidelines.

Author, Year	Study Design	Length of Follow-up	Sample Size, n (Intervention/Control)	Results, % (Intervention/Control)	Effect Estimate (95% CI)
HbA1c Managed and Below Guideline Threshold
Cebul et al, 2011 (38)	Observational	1 year	24,547/2,660	HbA1c < 8% 70.5/48.0	aDiffa 10.9 (−1.7 to 23.6)
Herrin et al, 2012 (40)	Observational	5 years	10,017/35,033 patient years	HbA1c ≤ 8% 78.9/80.7	aORb 0.9 (0.8–1.0)
BP Managed and Below Guideline Threshold
Cebul et al, 2011 (38)	Observational	1 year	24,547/2,660	BP < 140/80 mm Hg 55.8/38.9	aDiffa 11.1 (−1.0 to 23.2)
Herrin et al, 2012 (40)	Observational	5 years	10,017/35,033 patient years	SBP < 130 mm Hg 52.2/46.1	aORb 1.2 (1.1–1.3)
Herrin et al, 2012 (40)	Observational	5 years	10,017/35,033 patient years	DBP < 80 mm Hg 63.6/53.0	aORb 1.3 (1.2–1.3)
LDL-C Managed and Below Guideline Thresholdc
Cebul et al, 2011 (38)	Observational	1 year	24,547/2,660	87.0/66.1	aDiffa 18.1 (11.8–24.4)
Herrin et al, 2012 (40)	Observational	5 years	10,017/35,033 patient years	71.3/65.5	aORb 0.7 (0.6−0.8)
Triglycerides < 150 mg/dL
Herrin et al, 2012 (40)	Observational	5 years	10,017/35,033 patient years	54.8/52.0	aORb 0.9 (0.8–1.0)
BMI < 30 kg/m2
Cebul et al, 2011 (38)	Observational	1 year	24,547/2,660	32.8/34.1	aDiffa −2.9 (−8.0 to −2.1)
Behavioural Intervention: Nonsmoker
Cebul et al, 2011 (38)	Observational	1 year	24,547/2,660	82.1/52.3	aDiffa 17.0 (5.3–28.6)
Herrin et al, 2012 (40)	Observational	5 years	10,017/35,033 patient years	86.9/82.5	aORb 1.1 (1.0–1.2)
Composite
Cebul et al, 2011 (38)	Observational	1 year	24,547/2,660	Composited 43.7/15.7	aDiffa 15.2 (4.5–25.9)
Crosson et al, 2012 (39)	Observational	3 years	306/492	All targets mete NR	aORf 1.42 (1.12–2.51)
Herrin et al, 2012 (40)	Observational	5 years	10,017/35,033 patient years	Optimal careg 20.2/11.0	aORb 1.5 (1.3–1.6)

Abbreviations: aDiff, adjusted risk difference; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; BP, blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eTool, electronic tool; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NR, not reported; SBP, systolic blood pressure.

^aAdjusted for insurance type, age, sex, race/ethnic group, language preference, estimated household income, and education level.

^bAdjusted for age, sex, insulin usage, and year of study.

^cCebul et al outcome is LDL-C < 100 mg/dL or use of a statin; Lester et al outcome calculated using reported proportion of patients with LDL-C > 130 mg/dL.

^dComposite of HbA1c < 8%, blood pressure < 140/80 mm Hg, LDL-C < 100 mg/dL or use of statin, BMI < 30 kg/m², or nonsmoker.

^eCriteria: HbA1c < 7%, LDL-C ≤ 100 mg/dL, or BP ≤ 130/85 mm Hg.

^fAdjusted for clustering effect.

^gAchieving HbA1c ≤ 8%, LDL-C <100 mg/dL, blood pressure < 130/80 mm Hg, nonsmoker, and Aspirin use.