Table 21: Impact of eTools on Urine Protein Tests Conducted for Kidney Management.
| Author, Year | Study Design | Length of Follow-up | Sample Size, n (Intervention/Control) | Results (Intervention/Control) | Effect Estimate (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Montori et al, 2002 (37) | RCT | 24 months | 399/208 |
Microalbuminuria 55%/27% of patients |
aORa3.2 (1.9–5.2) |
| Branger et al, 1999 (32) | Observational | 1 year | 215/60 |
Proteinuria level 20 (0.1)/29 (0.5) measures (per patient) |
Mean difference −0.40 (−0.95 to 0.15) |
| Herrin et al, 2012 (40) | Observational | 5 years | 10,017/35,033 patient years |
Microalbumin 71.5%/54.8% of patients |
aORb 1.2 (1.1–1.3) |
| Wells, et al, 1996 (42) | Observational | 23 months | 2,049/1,190 |
Urine protein 84%/57% of patients |
OR 3.96 (3.4–4.7) |
Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; eTool, electronic tool; OR, odds ratio; RCT, randomized controlled trial.
a
Adjusted with logistic regression; further details not provided.
b
Adjusted for age, sex, insulin usage, and year of study.