Table 1.
Maternal outcomes and their pregnancy, intrapartum, and postpartum characteristics
| Cases (n=99) | Control (n=200) | OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 28.2±7.8 | 28.4±5.6 | NA | 0.84 |
| Weight (kg) | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 79.4±15.6 | 78.4±8.6 | NA | 0.48 |
| Height (cm) | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 157.7±5.8 | 160.3±5.5 | NA | <0.01 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 31.8±5.1 | 30.5±2.6 | NA | 0.02 |
| Gravida | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 5.1±2.7 | 4.6±2.3 | NA | 0.15 |
| Parity | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 3.2±3.1 | 3.1±2.6 | NA | 0.07 |
| Number of live births | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 2.5±2.6 | 2.5±2.3 | NA | 0.97 |
| Gestational age at birth | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 36.3±3.8 | 38.5±2.0 | NA | <0.01 |
| Previous baby with GBS | ||||
| Yes | 4 (4%) | 0 (0%) | NA | 0.004 |
| ANC attendance (booking) | ||||
| Yes | 64 (65%) | 169 (85%) | 0.34 (0.19–0.61) | <0.01 |
| Previous fetal death | ||||
| Yes | 9 (9%) | 5 (3%) | 3.97 (1.29–12.19) | 0.01 |
| GBS carrier | ||||
| Yes | 19 (19%) | 14 (7%) | 3.22 (1.54–6.74) | 0.001 |
| GBS bacteriuria | ||||
| Yes | 5 (5%) | 1 (0.5%) | 10.76 (1.24–93.42) | 0.008 |
| Intrapartum temp ≥38° | ||||
| Yes | 15 (15%) | 5 (3%) | 7.10 (2.50–20.17) | <0.01 |
| Maximum intrapartum temperature | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 37.3±0.6 | 37.0±0.4 | <0.01 | |
| RM | ||||
| Yes | 66 (68%) | 30 (15%) | 11.99 (6.74–21.36) | <0.01 |
| Duration of RM (hours) | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 10.7±16 | 5.3±4.9 | <0.01 | |
| Antibiotic in labor | ||||
| Yes | 45 (45%) | 36 (18%) | 3.92 (2.29–6.71) | <0.01 |
| No of vaginal examinations | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 6.1±3.5 | 3.5±2.0 | <0.01 | |
| Mode of delivery | ||||
| NSVD | 74 (75%) | 172 (86%) | 1.98 (1.07–3.68) | 0.03 |
| Operative | 23 (23%) | 27 (14%) | ||
| Maternal infection PP | ||||
| Yes | 15 (15%) | 4 (2%) | 8.92 (2.87–27.68) | <0.01 |
| Maternal PP antibiotics | ||||
| Yes | 25 (25%) | 28 (14%) | 2.12 (1.16–3.89) | 0.01 |
Abbreviations: ANC, antenatal care; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; GBS, group B streptococcus; NA, not applicable; NSVD, normal spontaneous vaginal delivery; OR, odds ratio; PP, postpartum; RM, ruptured membranes; SD, standard deviation.