Table 2.
Newborn care for the most recent birth, by intervention intensity, Northern Nigeria, 2009 versus 2011
| Characteristic | BHS 2009, % (n) | Control 2011, % (n) | Low intensitya 2011, % (n) | High intensityb 2011, % (n) | F (P) Control vs low intensity vs high intensity | t (P) BHS vs FHS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mother had anti-tetanus vaccine | 69.2 (1,335) | 81.1 (132) | 84.6 (494) | 87.6 (250) | 1.018 (0.339) | 50.1 (0.000) |
| First breastfeeding within 24 hours | 42.9 (1,335) | 56.1 (399) | 59.1 (1,122) | 61.1 (416) | 0.138 (0.830) | 14.3 (0.000) |
| First postnatal check within 48 hours | 16.8 (1,335) | 15.5 (71) | 25.6 (258) | 28.0 (143) | 1.164 (0.328) | 4.90 (0.000) |
| Person checking newborn | 3.433 (0.015) | 42.1 (0.000) | ||||
| Nurse/midwife | 34.5 | 59.6 | 41.0 | 35.7 | ||
| CHW – health post | 4.7 | 19.2 | 29.1 | 48.2 | ||
| CHW – outreach | NA | 9.6 | 13.4 | 4.8 | ||
| TBA | 40.8 | –c | –c | NA | ||
| Other | 20.0 (1,335) | 11.8 (94) | 16.6 (337) | 11.3 (168) | ||
| Care provided to the newborn | 4.972 (0.019) | 24.7 (0.000) | ||||
| No special newborn care | NA | 3.6 | 0.9 | 0.0 | ||
| Cord care | 7.0 | 5.7 | 29.8 | 34.9 | ||
| Washed baby | 39.1 | 39.6 | 58.5 | 58.1 | ||
| Kept baby warm (kangaroo) | 16.8 | 13.2 | 21.3 | 21.7 | ||
| Breastfed immediately | 15.6 | 28.3 | 45.7 | 50.9 | ||
| Watched for danger signs | 20.0 | 15.1 | 20.6 | 19.8 | ||
| Registered the birth | NA | 3.8 | 5.1 | 5.7 | ||
| Newborn vaccination | 3.1 | 24.5 | 22.5 | 22.6 | ||
| Weighed baby | 15.1 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | ||
| Watched for high fever | NA (1,441) | 11.3 (404) | 24.3 (1,126) | 23.4 (418) | ||
| Source of information about newborn cared | 1.330 (0.281) | 4.93 (0.000) | ||||
| No one | 31.9 | 25.7 | 31.6 | 18.9 | ||
| Nurse/midwife | 25.0 | 6.0 | 7.1 | 7.9 | ||
| CHW in health post | 6.8 | 3.5 | 8.4 | 14.4 | ||
| CHW in outreach | NA | 3.7 | 4.0 | 5.0 | ||
| TBA | 48.4 | 15.2 | 8.7 | 5.5 | ||
| Family/friends | NA | 39.4 | 21.5 | 19.4 | ||
| Drug vendor/chemist | NA | 3.2 | 1.1 | 0.0 | ||
| Other | 1.8 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.0 | ||
| Total | 6,208 | 404 | 1,126 | 418 |
Notes: F-statistic is comparable to the chi-square statistic, but is corrected for the design effect of clustering used in the household survey sample design.
a
Community volunteer only
b
community volunteer plus CHW
c
not computed due to too few cases
d
the person checking the newborn and counseling the mother after delivery.
Abbreviations: BHS, baseline household survey; CHW, community health worker; FHS, follow-up household survey; NA, not applicable (response item not collected in the survey); TBA, traditional birth attendant; vs, versus.