Table 4.

Type of care given to sick child in the month preceding the survey by intervention intensity, Northern Nigeria, 2009 and 2011

Type of care (%) (n with any care)	2009 Fever/cough n = 1,205	2011 Fever/cough n = 533			F (P) C vs L vs H	2009 Diarrhea n = 1,335	2011 Diarrhea n = 348			F (P) C vs L vs H
		C	L	H			C	L	H
Home care
Gave more fluids	NA	2.8	14.7	17.6	3.410 (0.076)	NA	14.5	18.0	19.8	1.456 (0.255)
Gave ORS	6.6	2.8	3.7	10.2	5.593 (0.024)	18.2	4.7	6.7	13.9	3.400 (0.077)
Gave cough medicine	NA	9.9	13.7	13.6	1.122 (0.337)	NA	14.0	12.3	12.3	0.144 (0.813)
Traditional edicine/herbs	13.2	18.3	26.5	23.9	0.596 (0.531)	11.6	18.6	29.5	24.6	1.164 (0.326)
Did nothing	35.2	32.7	26.5	32.3	1.311 (0.284)	40.0	28.3	29.5	27.0	0.114 (0.871)
Medication use
Analgesics	39.0	61.9	58.3	44.4	1.869 (0.182)	29.9	57.1	51.4	42.3	0.902 (0.404)
Antibiotics	35.9	48.8	37.5	49.0	2.108 (0.156)	36.2	44.0	45.0	54.2	0.643 (0.518)
Antimalarials	57.5	34.6	40.5	37.0	0.332 (0.659)	55.8	33.3	33.3	37.1	0.096 (0.851)
Total sick	2,910	105	298	130		1,415	60	173	89

Notes:F-statistic is comparable to the chi-square statistic, but is corrected for the design effect of clustering used in the household survey sample design. Bolded values in the 2009 columns indicate that the differences between the BHS and FHS (high- and low-intensity intervention areas only) are significant at the 0.05 significance level or lower, according to the t-test. Percentages do not sum to 100% because multiple care activities may have been used per episode.

Abbreviations: C, control; H, high intensity (community volunteer and community health worker); L, low intensity (community volunteer only); NA, not applicable or data item not collected in the survey; vs, versus; ORS, oral rehydration salts.