Table 2. Single-variable linear regression of median utterance length with selected US Census Bureau QuickFacts variables.

Independent variable	Parameter estimate (standard error)
	1a	1b	1c	1d	1e	1f	1g
2011 resident Black population in percent B	−3.411 ***
	(0.334)
Persons 25 years and over who are high schoolgraduates or higher from 2007 to 2011 in percent H		2.597 ***
		(0.462)
Median household income from2007 to 2011 in thousands of dollars I			1.074
			(0.574)
Persons 25 years and over who has bachelor’sdegree or higher from 2007 to 2011 in percent C				1.254 **
				(0.567)
2010 population per square mile D					−1.247 **
					(0.567)
Owner-occupied housing units in percent of totaloccupied housing units from 2007 to 2011 O						−0.846
						(0.582)
Total value of manufacturing shipments in 2007 M							−1.310 **
							(0.564)
Constant	35.40 ***	35.40 ***	35.40 ***	35.40 ***	35.40 ***	35.40 ***	35.40 ***
	(0.334)	(0.462)	(0.574)	(0.567)	(0.567)	(0.582)	(0.564)
r 2	0.685	0.397	0.068	0.093	0.092	0.042	0.101
adjusted r 2	0.678	0.384	0.049	0.074	0.073	0.022	0.082

Standard errors are presented in parentheses below the corresponding parameter estimates. Bold indicates significance at the 5% level, .

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