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. 2013 Sep 17;1(1):448–456. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.09.003

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© 2013 The Authors

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Fig. 3 — Curcumin is able to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction associated to renal injury. Curcumin is able to prevent lipid peroxidation and the decrease in the following mitochondrial determinations: oxygen consumption, activity of complexes I, II, II-III and V, activity of aconitase and antioxidant enzymes, GSH content, membrane potential, calcium retention and ATP content [51]. GSH (Glutathione), SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), GPx (glutathione peroxidase), GST (glutathione-S-transferase), GR (glutathione reductase), NAD⁺ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced form), FAD⁺ (flavin adenine dinucleotide), FADH₂ (flavin adenine dinucleotide, reduced form), ATP (adenosine triphosphate), ADP (adenosine diphosphate).