Table 1.

Cutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy approaches

Treatment	Species	Allergen	Outcome	Reference
Tape stripping + patch	Human	Grass pollen extract	Decreased scores in nasal provocation tests; improvement in subjective symptom scores	Senti et al. [4]
Tape stripping + patch	Human	Grass pollen extract	Improvement in subjective symptom scores (dose-dependent)	Senti et al. [5▪]
? + patch	Human (children)	Grass pollen extract	Reduction in antihistamine uptake; reduction in symptom scores	Agostinis et al. [6]
Intact skin + epidermal delivery system	Human (children)	Cow’ s milk	Improvement of cumulative tolerated dose in oral challenges	Dupont et al. [7]
Laserporated skin	Mouse	Recombinant Phl p 5	Reduction of airway hyperresponsiveness; reduction of leukocyte infiltrate; systemic downregulation of TH1/TH2/TH17 responses; increased IgG2a and Treg cells	Bach et al. [8▪]
Laserporated skin	Mouse	Recombinant Phl p 5 + CpG Oligo 1826	Reduction of IgE; increased IgG2a; reduction of cellular lung infiltrate	Hessenberger et al. [9]
Intact skin + epidermal delivery system	Mouse	Ovalbumin, pollen, house-dust mite, peanut protein extract	Increased IgG2a; decreased IgE/IgG2a ratio; decreased bronchial hyperresponsiveness; decreased BAL fluid and serum TH2 cytokines; decreased BAL fluid lymphocytes and eosinophils	Mondoulet et al. [10,11]
Intact skin + epidermal delivery system	Mouse	Ovalbumin	Decreased local and systemic responses; induction of regulatory responses	Dioszeghy et al. [12]
Intact skin + epidermal delivery system	Mouse	Peanut protein extract	Systemic downregulation of TH2 response; reduction of IgE; reduction of gastro-intestinal lesions; increased IgG2a and Foxp3 mRNA in esophageal mucosa	Mondoulet et al. [13,14▪]
Skin pretreatment with body sponge + patch	Mouse	Ovalbumin (plasmids formulated as mannosylated polyethylenimine nanoparticles)	Balanced systemic TH1/TH2 response; decreased nasal symptoms	Garaczi et al. [15]