Table 3.

Differential diagnosis

Enzymatic and metabolic disorders	Anatomical defects
	Hirschsprung’s disease
Congenital glucose-galactose malabsorption	Intestinal lymphangiectasia
	Short bowel
Congenital disaccharidase defect (lactase, isomaltase-saccaridasi)
	Primary immune disorders
Secondary malabsorption of monosaccharides and disaccharidases (gastrointestinal surgery, infections, intolerance to soy protein)	Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome
	Thymic dysplasia
	Enteropathy associated with HIV-1
Congenital chloridorrea	Inflammatory disorders
Congenital defect of the Na+/H+ exchanger	Intolerance to cow’s milk protein
	Intolerance to soy protein
Congenital bile acid malabsorption	Regional enteritis
	Ulcerative colitis
Congenital defect of enterochinasi	Hypoparathyroidism
	Hyperparathyroidism
Cystic fibrosis
Shwachman syndrome	Various
Physiological pancreatic amylase deficiency	Phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia
Enteropathic acrodermatitis	Familial dysautonomia
Wolman’s disease	Familial enteropathy
Abetalipoproteinemia	Diarrhea from medications (antibiotics, etc)
Adrenal insufficiency
Intestinal hormone hypersecretion	Necrotizing enterocolitis
Transcobalamin II deficiency
Hereditary tyrosinemia
Methionine malabsorption
Congenital microvillous atrophy

Note: © 2009 Biomedia. Reproduced with permission from Caramia G, Ruffini E, Salvatori P. Infectious gastroenteritis. Neonatal Infectious Diseases Study Group of the Italian Society of Neonatology. Manual of Neonatal Infectious Diseases. Milan: Biomedia; 2009.⁵⁵