Table 2.
Predictors of AIDS death hazards ratios (HRs) or adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs).a
| Univariate Model (N = 1471) | Multivariate model without adherenceb (N = 1471) | Multivariate model with time-dependent adherenceb,c (N = 1255) | ||||
| HR (95% CI) | P-value | aHR (95% CI) | P-value | aHR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Race | ||||||
| Black vs. white | 2.36 (1.45, 3.85) | <0.001 | 2.14 (1.30, 3.50) | 0.003 | 3.09 (1.38, 6.93) | 0.006 |
| Other vs. white | 1.76 (1.01, 3.07) | 0.048 | 1.56 (0.88, 2.77) | 0.132 | 2.09 (0.83, 5.29) | 0.120 |
| Age at visit per 5 years | 1.09 (0.99, 1.19) | 0.086 | 1.04 (0.93, 1.17) | 0.471 | 1.03 (0.87, 1.22) | 0.735 |
| Mode of HIV acquisition | ||||||
| IDU vs. heterosexual | 1.60 (1.14, 2.25) | 0.007 | 0.93 (0.60, 1.43) | 0.728 | 0.58 (0.31, 1.06) | 0.076 |
| Transfusion vs. heterosexual | 2.56 (1.36, 4.81) | 0.003 | 2.33 (1.21, 4.49) | 0.011 | 3.51 (1.32, 9.31) | 0.012 |
| Pre-HAART annual income ≤$12 000 | 1.81 (1.30, 2.52) | <0.001 | ||||
| Education: high school graduation or beyond | 0.84 (0.61, 1.15) | 0.27 | ||||
| WIHS year of enrollment (1994–1995 vs. 2001–2002) | 0.24 (0.10, 0.60) | 0.002 | ||||
| Calendar year HAART initiated | 0.89 (0.84, 0.95) | <0.001 | 0.91 (0.85, 0.97) | 0.005 | 1.15 (1.05, 1.26) | <0.002 |
| Behaviors pre-HAART | ||||||
| Pre-HAART illicit drug use | 2.29 (1.55, 3.37) | <0.001 | 1.51 (1.00, 2.30) | 0.053 | ||
| Pre-HAART smoking | 1.64 (1.20, 2.24) | 0.002 | 1.28 (0.88, 1.87) | 0.195 | 1.61 (0.95, 2.74) | 0.078 |
| Pre-HAART depressive symptoms CES-D 16+ vs. <16 | 2.31 (1.68, 3.17) | <0.001 | 2.10 (1.51, 2.92) | <0.001 | 2.85 (1.75, 4.66) | <0.001 |
| Pre-HAART CES-D subscale depression | ||||||
| Negative subscale ≤4 vs. >4 | 1.80 (1.32, 2.46) | <0.001 | NAd | NAd | NAd | NAd |
| Somatic subscale ≤6 vs. >6 | 1.89 (1.39, 2.57) | <0.001 | NAd | NAd | NAd | NAd |
| Positive subscale ≤3 vs. >3 | 1.90 (1.40, 2.58) | <0.001 | NAd | NAd | NAd | NAd |
| Interpersonal subscale 0 vs. >0 | 1.62 (1.20, 2.20) | 0.002 | NAd | NAd | NAd | NAd |
| Clinical characteristics pre-HAART | ||||||
| Pre-HAART nadir CD4+ per 100 cells/μl | 0.54 (0.47, 0.63) | <0.001 | 0.65 (0.56, 0.76) | <0.001 | 0.79 (0.65, 0.96) | 0.016 |
| Pre-HAART log10 peak VL | 2.36 (1.89, 2.95) | <0.001 | 1.70 (1.34, 2.16) | <0.001 | 1.64 (1.17, 2.30) | 0.004 |
| Pre-HAART AIDS-defining illness | 2.38 (1.72, 3.31) | <0.001 | ||||
| Pre-HAART HCV infection | 2.01 (1.46, 2.76) | <0.001 | 1.57 (1.02, 2.40) | 0.040 | 2.72 (1.49, 4.99) | 0.001 |
| Post-HAART outcomes | ||||||
| Adherence to HAART ≥95% vs. <95%b,c | 0.30 ( 0.19, 0.46) | <0.001 | 0.33 (0.21, 0.53) | <0.001 | ||
CES-D, Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression score; CI, confidence interval; HCV, hepatitis C virus; IDU, injection drug use; WIHS, Women's Interagency HIV Study; VL, viral load.
aFrom proportional hazards models.
bFrom stepwise selection proportional hazards models with race, WIHS site, age, and smoking forced in.
cRestricted to survival from October 2002 to December 2009 for which self-reported adherence was obtained.
dNA – only CES-D and not the specific subscales was considered for the multivariate model.