Table 4.
Predictors of at least 95% adherence to HAART odds ratios (ORs) or adjusted odds ratios (aORs).a
| Univariate model (N = 1255) | Multivariate modelb (N = 1255) | |||
| OR (95% CI) | P-value | aOR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Demographics | ||||
| Race | ||||
| Black vs. white | 0.63 (0.51, 0.80) | <0.001 | 0.66 (0.53, 0.83) | <0.001 |
| Other vs. white | 0.80 (0.61, 1.05) | 0.10 | 0.76 (0.58, 1.00) | 0.051 |
| Age at visit per 5 years | 1.06 (1.00, 1.11) | 0.04 | 1.10 (1.04, 1.17) | 0.001 |
| Mode of HIV acquisition | ||||
| IDU vs. heterosexual | 0.75 (0.62, 0.90) | 0.002 | ||
| Transfusion vs. heterosexual | 1.38 (0.83, 2.29) | 0.22 | ||
| Pre-HAART annual income ≤$12 000 | 0.85 (0.71, 1.01) | 0.06 | ||
| Education: high school graduation or beyond | 1.00 (0.84, 1.20) | 0.96 | 0.86 (0.73, 1.02) | 0.09 |
| WIHS year of enrollment (1994–1995 vs. 2001–2002) | 1.04 (0.84, 1.28) | 0.72 | ||
| Calendar year HAART initiated | 1.00 (0.98, 1.02) | 0.96 | ||
| Behaviors pre-HAART | ||||
| Pre-HAART illicit drug use | 0.57 (0.44, 0.73) | <0.001 | 0.75 (0.58, 0.98) | 0.03 |
| Pre-HAART smoking | 0.63 (0.53, 0.74) | <0.001 | 0.73 (0.61, 0.88) | <0.001 |
| Pre-HAART depressive symptoms CES-D 16+ vs. <16 | 0.72 (0.61, 0.86) | <0.001 | 0.77 (0.65, 0.92) | 0.004 |
| Pre-HAART CES-D subscale depression | ||||
| Negative subscale ≤4 vs. >4 | 0.73 (0.61, 0.86) | <0.001 | NAc | NAc |
| Somatic subscale ≤6 vs. >6 | 0.65 (0.55, 0.77) | <0.001 | NAc | NAc |
| Positive subscale ≤3 vs. >3 | 0.77 (0.65, 0.91) | 0.002 | NAc | NAc |
| Interpersonal subscale 0 vs. >0 | 0.82 (0.69, 0.98) | 0.03 | NAc | NAc |
| Clinical characteristics pre-HAART | ||||
| Pre-HAART nadir CD4+ per 100 cells/μl | 1.08 (1.02, 1.15) | 0.01 | 1.07 (1.01, 1.14) | 0.02 |
| Pre-HAART log10 peak VL | 0.91 (0.82, 1.01) | 0.07 | ||
| Pre-HAART AIDS-defining illness | 0.77 (0.65, 0.91) | 0.002 | ||
| Pre-HAART HCV infection | 0.72 (0.60, 0.87) | <0.001 | 0.77 (0.63, 0.95) | 0.02 |
CES-D, Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression score; CI, confidence interval; HCV, hepatitis C virus; IDU, injection drug use; WIHS, Women's Interagency HIV Study; VL, viral load.
aBased on GEE logistic regression. Study visit was also considered but was not statistically associated with adherence.
bFrom backwards selection GEE models with race, WIHS site, WIHS visit, age, and smoking forced in.
cNA – only CES-D and not the specific subscales was considered for the multivariate model.