Table 3.
Metagenome derived‐cold adapted enzymes.
| Enzyme | Environment | Host/ Vector | Postive clones/ Number of screened clones | Screening technique | Topt (°C) | pHopt | Level of characterization | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lipase | Baltic sea sediment | E. coli/ fosmid | 70/ > 7000 | Agar‐based assay | 35 | na | Protein purification, temperature, substrate specificity, kinetic analysis | Hardeman and Sjoling (2007) |
| Lipase | Oil contaminated soil (Northern Germany) | E. coli/ cosmid | na | Agar‐based assay | 30 | 7 | Protein purification, temperature, pH, effects of metals ions, solvent and various chemical, substrate specificity | Elend et al. (2007) |
| Lipase | Deep sea sediment of Edison Seamount (Papua New Guinea) | E. coli/ fosmid | 1/8823 | Agar‐based assay | 25 | 8 | Protein purification, temperature, pH, substrate specificity, effects of metal ions and detergent | Jeon et al. (2009b) |
| Lipase | Intertidal flat sediment (Korea) | E. coli/ fosmid | 1/6000 | Agar‐based assay | 30 | 8 | Protein purification, temperature, pH, effects metals ions and detergents, substrate specificity, conformational stability | Kim et al. (2009) |
| Lipase | Soil from different altitude of Taishan (China) | E. coli/ plasmid | 2/na | Agar‐based assay | 20 | 7 to 9 | Protein purification, °C, pH, substrate specificity, effects of metal ions, kinetic analysis | Wei et al. (2009) |
| Lipase | Mangrove sediment (Brazil) | E. coli/ fosmid | 1/2400 | Agar‐based assay | 35, (61% acticity at 20) | 8 | Protein extraction, MALDI‐TOF analysis, °C, pH, substrate specificity | Couto et al. (2010) |
| Esterase | Deep sea sediment (Papua New Guiney) | E. coli/ fosmid | 1/na | Agar‐based assay | 50–55 (high activation energy at 10–40) | 10 to 11 | Protein purification, temperature, pH, effects of metal ions and detergent, substrate specificity | Park et al. (2007) |
| Esterase | Antarctic desert soil | E. coli/ fosmid | 3/100 000 | Agar‐based assay | 40, (active at 7–54) | Alkaline | Protein purification, temperature, pH, substrate specificity | Heath et al. (2009) |
| Esterase | Arctic seashore sediment | E. coli/ fosmid | 6/60 132 | Agar‐based assay | 30 | 8 | Protein purification, temperature, pH, substrate specificity, enantioselective resolution of racemic ofloxacin esters | Jeon et al. (2009a) |
| Amylase | Soil of Northwestern Himalayas | E. coli/ cosmid | 1/350 000 | Agar‐based assay | 40 | 6.5 | Protein purification, temperature & pH, effects of metal ions | Sharma et al. (2010) |
| Cellulase | Antarctic soil | E. coli/BAC | 11/10 000 | Agar‐based assay | 10 to 50 | 6 to 9 | Protein purification, protein purification, temperature, pH, effects of various chemical, substrate specificity, viscometric assay | Berlemont et al. (2009) |
| β‐galactosidase | Topsoil of oil field (China) | E. coli/ plasmid | 3/1200 | Agar‐based assay | 38, 54% activity at 20 | 7 | Protein expression in Pichia pastoris, protein purification, temperature, pH, effects of metal ions, substrate specificity, kinetics | Wang et al. (2010b) |
| Xylanase | Waste lagoon of dairy farm (California) | E. coli/ phagemid | 1/5 000 000 | Agar‐based assay | 20 | 6 to 7 | Protein purification, temperature, pH, substrate specificity, kinetic analysis | Lee et al. (2006b) |
| Chitinase | Lake sediment, Ardley Island, Antarctica | E. coli/ plasmid | 295/na | PCR amplification | na | na | RFLP, gene sequencing | Xiao et al. (2005) |
| Alkane monooxygenase | Sediment from Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica | E. coli/ plasmid | 177/na | PCR amplification | na | na | Gene sequencing | Kuhn et al. (2009) |
| DNA polymerase 1 | Glacial ice (Germany) | E. coli/ plasmid and fosmid | 15/23 000 And 1/4 000 | Growth assay | na | na | Subcloning into expression vector | Simon et al. (2009) |
na, not applicable or not available.