Table 2. Percent change in the regression coefficient for depression in the association with time to insulin initiation, after adjustment for potential confounders.
| Potential confounder | N a | P value | P value | Regression coefficient | Regression coefficient | Change in |
| before | after | and HR (95% CI) | and HR (95% CI) | regression | ||
| before adjustment | after adjustment | coefficient (%) | ||||
| Female sex | 1387 | 0.92 | 0.86 | –0.020; 0.98 (0.66–1.45) | –0.037; 0.96 (0.65–1.43) | 85.0% |
| Age, years | 1387 | 0.92 | 0.90 | –0.020; 0.98 (0.66–1.45) | –0.025; 0.98 (0.66–1.45) | 25.0% |
| Base model (adjusted for sex and age) | 1387 | 0.92 | 0.81 | –0.020; 0.98 (0.66–1.45) | –0.048; 0.95 (0.64–1.42) | 140.0% |
| Base + non–western ethnicity | 1372 | 0.84 | 0.86 | –0.040; 0.96 (0.65–1.43) | –0.037; 0.96 (0.65–1.44) | –7.5% |
| Base + low education level | 1322 | 0.52 | 0.46 | –0.139; 0.87 (0.57–1.33) | –0.162; 0.85 (0.56–1.30) | 16.5% |
| Base + being single | 1372 | 0.73 | 0.73 | –0.071; 0.93 (0.62–1.39) | –0.072; 0.93 (0.62–1.39) | 1.4% |
| Base + diabetes duration ≥ 3 years | 1374 | 0.88 | 0.74 | –0.030; 0.97 (0.65–1.44) | –0.067; 0.94 (0.63–1.39) | 123.3% |
| Base + cardiovascular disease b | 1363 | 0.83 | 0.74 | –0.044; 0.96 (0.64–1.42) | –0.068; 0.93 (0.63–1.39) | 54.5% |
| Base + microvascular disease c | 1024 | 0.31 | 0.26 | –0.250; 0.78 (0.48–1.27) | –0.283; 0.75 (0.46–1.23) | 13.2% |
| Base + other chronic condition(s) d | 1370 | 0.80 | 0.75 | –0.051; 0.95 (0.64–1.41) | –0.065; 0.94 (0.63–1.39) | 27.4% |
| Base + number of oral antihyperglycemic drug classes | 1387 | 0.81 | 0.77 | –0.048; 0.95 (0.64–1.42) | –0.059; 0.94 (0.63–1.40) | 22.9% |
| Base + HbA1c, % | 1366 | 0.83 | 0.80 | –0.044; 0.96 (0.64–1.42) | –0.052; 0.95 (0.64–1.41) | 18.2% |
| Base + Body Mass Index | 1282 | 0.66 | 0.65 | –0.095; 0.91 (0.60–1.38) | –0.096; 0.91 (0.60–1.38) | 1.1% |
a
N varies due to exclusion of cases censored before the earliest event in a stratum (n = 2) and missing values for the candidate confounder at hand; b Myocardial infarction, bypass/angioplasty, stroke and/or arterial disease; c Retinopathy and/or micro-/macroalbuminuria; d Kidney disease, asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, arthrosis and/or rheumatoid arthritis.