Table 2.
Microbial metal bioavailability assays.
Promotera (origin) | Element | Reporter geneb | Host | Linear response (µM) | Time of induction | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
arsB | As3+ | blaZ | Staphylococcus aureus | 1–10 | 60 min | Ji and Silver (1992) |
As5+ | 10–100 | |||||
Bi | 100–1000 | |||||
Sb | 0.2–1 | |||||
As | luxAB (V. fischeri) | E. coli | 0.01–1 | 120 min | Cai and Dubow (1997) | |
arsR | As | lucFF(Firefly) | E. coli | 0.01–1 | 8 h | Hakkila et al. (2002) |
As | luxCDABE (V. fischeri) | 0.01–1 | ||||
As | lacZ | E. coli | 0.1–100 | 30 min | Ramanathan et al. (1998) | |
Sb | 0.005–10 | |||||
As3+ | lucFF (Firefly) | E. coli | 0.033–1 | 90 min | Tauriainen et al. (1999) | |
As5+ | 33–33 000 | |||||
Cd | 10–10 000 | |||||
Sb | 0.1–100 | |||||
As | luxAB (V. fischeri) | E. coli | 0.1–0.8 | 60 min | Stocker et al. (2003) | |
As | luxAB (V. fischeri) | E. coli | 0.1–0.4 | Trang et al. (2005) | ||
As | gfp (A. Victoria) | E. coli | 0.13–133 | 12 h | Roberto et al. (2002) | |
arsR (E. coli) | As | lucGR (P. plagiophthalamus) | P. fluorescens | 0.1–10 | 120 min | Petanen et al. (2001) |
arsR | Cd | lucFF (Firefly) | S. aureus | 0.5–5 | 120 min | Tauriainen et al. (1997) |
Sb | 0.1–10 | |||||
As3+ | gfp (A. Victoria) | E. coli | 0.4–25 | 120 min | Liao and Ou (2005) | |
As5+ | 1–50 | |||||
Sb | 0.75–8 | |||||
arsRD | As3+ | lacZ | E. coli | 0.5–100 | 17 h | Scott et al. (1997) |
Sb | 0.1–10 | |||||
cadAC | Cd | blaZ | S. aureus | 0.5–100 | 90 min | Yoon et al. (1991) |
cadC (S. aureus) | Cd | lucFF (Firefly) | Bacillus subtilis | 0.003–0.1 | 180 min | Tauriainen et al. (1998) |
Pb | 1–10 | |||||
Sb | 0.033–3.3 | |||||
Sn | 33–1000 | |||||
Zn | 1–33 | |||||
Cd | gfp (A. Victoria) | E. coli | 0.0001–500 | 120 min | Liao et al. (2006) | |
Pb | 0.01–10 | |||||
Sb | 0.0001–10 | |||||
chrB | Cr | lacZ | C. metallidurans | 0.001–50 | 8 h | Peitzsch et al. (1998) |
chrB | Cr3+ | luxCDABE (V. fischeri) | C. metallidurans | 5–80 | 90 min | Corbisier et al. (1999) |
Cr6+ | 2.5–40 | |||||
chrAB | Cr3+ | lucFF (Firefly) | C. metallidurans | 2–100 | 120 min | Ivask et al. (2002) |
Cr6+ | 0.04–1 | |||||
cnrXYH | Co | luxDABE (V. fischeri) | C. metallidurans | 9–400 | 16 h | Tibazarwa et al. (2001) |
Ni | 0.1–60 | |||||
copA | Ag | luxCDABE (V. fischeri) | E. coli | 0.3–3 | 80 min | Riether et al. (2001) |
Cu | 3–30 | |||||
Ag | lucFF (Firefly) | E. coli | 0.003–0.3 | 120 min | Hakkila et al. (2004) | |
Cu | 0.3–300 | |||||
copBC | Cu | luxAB (V. fischeri) | P. fluorescens | 1–100 | 180 min | Tom‐Petersen et al. (2001) |
copSRA | Cu | luxCDABE (V. fischeri) | C. metallidurans | 1–200 | 90 min | Corbisier et al. (1999) |
cup1 | Cu | gfp (A. Victoria) | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 0.5–5000 | 120 min | Shetty et al. (2002) |
isiAB | Fe | luxAB (V. fischeri) | Synechococcus | 0.001–1 | 12 h | Boyanapalli et al. (2007) |
fliC | Al | LuxAB (Vibrio harveyi) | E. coli | 40–400 | 20 min | Guzzo et al. (1992) |
katG | Cd | luxCDABE (V. fischeri) | E. coli | 2–35 | 90 min | Ben‐Israel et al. (1998) |
merR (Shigella flexneri) | Cd | lucFF (Firefly) | E. coli | 1–100 | 60 min | Virta et al. (1995) |
Hg | lucFF (Firefly) | 10−9–0.01 | ||||
merR | Hg | gfp (A. Victoria) | E. coli | 0.005–0.5 | 8 h | Hakkila et al. (2002) |
Hg | l lucFF (Firefly) | 0.005–0.1 | ||||
Hg | luxCDABE (V. fischeri) | 0.0001–0.1 | ||||
Cd | lucFF (Firefly) | P. fluorescens | 1–10 | 120 min | Petanen et al. (2001) | |
Hg | 10−5–0.1 | |||||
merRB | Cd | lucFF (Firefly) | E. coli | 0.27–80 | 120 min | Ivask et al. (2002) |
Hg | 0.1–15 | |||||
Zn | 1380–4000 | |||||
Hg | lucFF (Firefly) | E. coli | 0.0002–0.01 | 120 min | Ivsak et al. (2001) | |
merRT | Hg | luxCDABE (V. fischeri) | E. coli | 0.005–0.5 | 40 min | Selifonova et al. (1993) |
Hg | luxCDABE (V. fischeri) | Vibrio anguillarum | 2.5 × 10−6–5 × 10−5 | 80 min | Golding et al. (2002) | |
merRTPA (Pseudomonas stutzeri) | Hg | luxCDABE (V fischeri) | E. coli | 0.00005–0.0005 | Pepi et al. (2006) | |
pbrR | Pb | luxCDABE (V. fischeri) | C. metallidurans | 500–5000 | 180 min | Corbisier et al. (1999) |
pvd | Fe | gfp (A. Victoria) | Pseudomonas syringae | 0.1–100 | Overnight | Joyner and Steven (2000) |
smtA | Zn | luxCDABE (V fischeri) | Synechococcus | 0.5–4 | 240 min | Huckle et al. (1993) |
zntA | Cd | lacZ | E. coli | 0.0001–0.1 | 120 min | Shetty et al. (2003) |
Cd | Red‐shifted gfp (A. Victoria) | 0.1–10 | ||||
Pb | lacZ | 0.0001–0.1 | ||||
Pb | Red‐shifted gfp (A. Victoria) | 0.1–10 | ||||
Cd | luxCDABE (V. fischeri) | E. coli | 0.01–0.33 | 80 min | Riether et al. (2001) | |
Zn | 3–30 | |||||
Cr6+ | 30–300 | |||||
Hg | 1–30 | |||||
Pb | 0.03–1 | |||||
Cd | lacZ | E. coil | 0.2–10 | 60 min | Biran et al. (2000) | |
zntR | Cd | lucFF (Firefly) | E. coli | 0.05–30 | 120 min | Ivask et al. (2002) |
Hg | 0.01–1 | |||||
Zn | 40–15 000 |
Unless mentioned otherwise, the source of the promoter is the host bacterium.
Unless mentioned otherwise, the source of the reporter gene(s) is the host bacterium.