. 2008 Dec 22;2(1):101–113. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2008.00064.x

Table 2.

Concentration of SCFA, ammonium ions, phenol, p‐cresol and activity of AXOS‐degrading enzymes measured in the three vessels of the SHIME during the basal period (n ≥ 5), treatment with AXOS 29‐0.30 (n ≥ 9) and washout period (n ≥ 5).^a

		Basal period	Treatment	Washout
Ascending colon
SCFA (mmol l⁻¹)	Acetate	22.5 ± 3.1	25.4 ± 3.2	21.3 ± 3.2
	Propionate	13.7 ± 2.1	17.0 ± 2.1^*	15.9 ± 1.7
	Butyrate	3.1 ± 1.4	5.8 ± 1.3^*	5.1 ± 0.9^*
	Other SCFA^b	1.1 ± 0.4	2.1 ± 0.4^*	1.8 ± 0.1^*
	Total SCFA	40.4 ± 7.1	50.2 ± 7.0^*	44.1 ± 5.9^*
Proteolytic markers (mg l⁻¹)	Ammonium	183 ± 48	292 ± 27^*	237 ± 2^*
	Phenol	0.41 ± 0.13	0.55 ± 0.46	0.04 ± 0.01^*
	p‐Cresol	ND	ND	ND
AXOS‐degrading enzymes (AU)	β‐d‐xylosidase	3.1 ± 3.0	10.2 ± 7.0	2.5 ± 2.0
	α‐l‐arabinofuranosidase	5.1 ± 4.2	12.4 ± 7.6	20.1 ± 4.7^*
	Endo‐1,4‐β‐xylanase	0.01 ± 0.01	1.52 ± 0.70^*	1.30 ± 0.02^*
Transverse colon
SCFA (mmol l⁻¹)	Acetate	26.8 ± 1.0	34.8 ± 5.3^*	30.4 ± 2.5^*
	Propionate	16.7 ± 1.6	23.8 ± 2.0^*	22.9 ± 2.5^*
	Butyrate	3.5 ± 1.1	7.8 ± 1.3^*	7.1 ± 1.8^*
	Other SCFA^b	1.6 ± 0.2	2.9 ± 0.4^*	2.5 ± 0.6^*
	Total SCFA	49.5 ± 4.0	69.3 ± 9.0^*	62.9 ± 7.3^*
Proteolytic markers (mg l⁻¹)	Ammonium	296 ± 18	384 ± 73^*	364 ± 20
	Phenol	6.27 ± 1.33	6.0 ± 1.0	4.55 ± 1.11
	p‐Cresol	0.41 ± 0.29	0.25 ± 0.21	0.03 ± 0.02^*
AXOS‐degrading enzymes (AU)	β‐d‐xylosidase	3.0 ± 3.2	25.6 ± 6.1^*	14.6 ± 5.0^*
	α‐l‐arabinofuranosidase	7.0 ± 5.0	58.4 ± 10.0^*	28.4 ± 20.2
	Endo‐1,4‐β‐xylanase	0.02 ± 0.01	2.0 ± 0.5^*	0.4 ± 0.03^*
Descending colon
SCFA (mmol l⁻¹)	Acetate	33.1 ± 3.5	37.3 ± 2.7	33.5 ± 1.9
	Propionate	16.3 ± 2.7	22.7 ± 2.7	21.8 ± 0.8^*
	Butyrate	4.2 ± 1.2	8.0 ± 1.3^*	6.4 ± 1.7
	Other SCFA^b	1.8 ± 0.2	2.5 ± 1.1^*	3.2 ± 2.1
	Total SCFA	55.4 ± 7.6	70.5 ± 6.9^*	64.9 ± 6.5
Proteolytic markers (mg l⁻¹)	Ammonium	321 ± 8	431 ± 62^*	398 ± 30^*
	Phenol	7.87 ± 1.20	6.39 ± 0.63^*	4.69 ± 1.27^*
	p‐Cresol	0.28 ± 0.10	0.21 ± 0.15	0.08 ± 0.09^*
AXOS‐degrading enzymes (AU)	β‐d‐xylosidase	4.2 ± 0.9	23.3 ± 4^*	8.0 ± 4.1^*
	α‐l‐arabinofuranosidase	19.1 ± 4.0	56.7 ± 6.1^*	31.6 ± 4.8^*
	Endo‐1,4‐β‐xylanase	0.02 ± 0.01	1.81 ± 0.70^*	0.90 ± 0.31^*

^a.

Data are means ± SD.

^b.

Sum of valerate, isovalerate and isobutyrate.

Significantly different from basal period (Student's two‐tailed t‐test, P < 0.05).

ND, not detected.