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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 19.
Published in final edited form as: ACS Chem Biol. 2013 May 23;8(7):1396–1401. doi: 10.1021/cb400264n

Figure 2. Structural function relationship studies with anti-cancer flavonoids.

Figure 2

(A) Chemical structure of fluorescein-labeled c-di-GMP as the probe used in the fluorescence polarization assay. (B) Competition studies of four flavonoid analogs with the fluorescent probe. (C) Induction of TBK1 phosphorylation by flavonoids in Raw264.7 cells. Cells were treated with each drug for 2 hours. (D) Induction of IFN-α/β by anti-cancer flavonoids. Cells were treated with each drug for 4 hours. Error bars represent mean ± s. d. (n=3) (E) Relative activities of four flavonoids in binding to mSTING, in activating the TBK1-IRF3 axis in cells, and in mouse tumor models.