Table 3.
Association of Serum Phosphorus, Urine Phosphorus/Creatinine Ratio, and Urinary Fractional Excretion of Phosphorus with All-Cause Mortality
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serum Phosphorus | ||||
| Range (mg/dL) | <3.0 | 3.0–3.2 | 3.3–3.5 | ≥3.6 |
| Events/Total (annual event rate) | 103/415 (3%) | 83/351 (3%) | 80/304 (3%) | 98/255 (5%) |
| Model 1; HR (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.98 (0.73–1.30) | 1.11 (0.83–1.48) | 1.72 (1.30–2.26) |
| Model 2; HR (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.96 (0.72–1.29) | 1.08 (0.81–1.45) | 1.68 (1.28–2.22) |
| Model 3; HR (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.99 (0.74–1.33) | 1.03 (0.76–1.38) | 1.63 (1.23–2.17) |
| Urine Phosphorus/Creatinine | ||||
| Range (mg/mg) | <0.33 | 0.33–0.42 | 0.43–0.54 | ≥0.55 |
| Events/Total (annual event rate) | 75/332 (3%) | 86/331 (3%) | 97/332 (4%) | 106/330 (4%) |
| Model 1; HR (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.20 (0.88–1.63) | 1.27 (0.94–1.71) | 1.40 (1.04–1.89) |
| Model 2; HR (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.18 (0.87–1.61) | 1.22 (0.90–1.65) | 1.39 (1.04–1.88) |
| Model 3; HR (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.22 (0.89–1.66) | 1.24 (0.91–1.68) | 1.22 (0.90–1.65) |
| Urinary Fractional Excretion of Phosphorus | ||||
| Range (%) | <10 | 10–13 | 14–17 | ≥18 |
| Events/Total (annual event rate) | 79/332 (3%) | 80/331 (3%) | 85/332 (3%) | 120/330 (5%) |
| Model 1; HR (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.99 (0.73–1.35) | 1.06 (0.78–1.44) | 1.28 (0.96–1.71) |
| Model 2; HR (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.95 (0.69–1.29) | 0.95 (0.69–1.30) | 0.98 (0.71–1.36) |
| Model 3; HR (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.95 (0.69–1.30) | 0.91 (0.66–1.24) | 0.88 (0.64–1.23) |
Model 1 = age and race adjusted
Model 2 = Model 1 plus eGFR and microalbuminuria (yes/no)
Model 3 = Model 2 plus prevalent CVD, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, blood pressure medication use, tobacco use (current, former, never), body mass index, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and lipid medication use.