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. 2012 Feb 20;5(2):156–167. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2011.00284.x

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Three pathways of percutaneous absorption are discussed for nano‐sized drug carriers. (a) Due to the small size superfine rigid nanoparticles (< 10 nm) are absorbed via the intercellular lipid channels. (b) Ultraflexible liposomes can squeeze through the intercellular lipid channels despite their nominal diameter being much larger than the size of the lipid channels. (c) Nanoparticles can also enter the hair follicles. This is a size dependent mechanism.