Table 1.
Comparison of in vivo hydrogen production by engineered Escherichia coli strains.
| System | H2 production rate (reported units) | H2 production rate (converted units) | Substrate | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protein engineering | ||||
| Protein engineering of HycE (truncation) of E. coli | 9 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 h−1 | 9 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 h−1 | Formate | Maeda et al. (2008b) |
| Protein engineering of FhlA of E. coli | 7 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 h−1 | 7 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 h−1 | Formate | Sanchez‐Torres et al. (2009) |
| Site‐directed mutagenesis of HydA from C. reinhardtii | approximately 10 µmol H2 ml−1 | 19 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 h−1 | Glucose | Agapakis et al. (2010) |
| Metabolic engineering through modifying multiple native genes in E. coli | ||||
| Inactivation of HycA and overexpression of FhlA | 23.6 g H2 l−1 h−1 | 254 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 h−1 | Formate | Yoshida et al. (2005) |
| Inactivation of HyaB, HybC, HycA, FdoG and overexpression of FhlA | 113 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 h−1 | 113 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 h−1 | Formate | Maeda et al. (2008a) |
| Inactivation of HycA, LdhA, FrdBC and overexpression of FhlA | 13 mmol (g DCW)−1 l−1 h−1 | 26 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 h−1 | Glucose | Yoshida et al. (2006) |
| Inactivation of HyaB, HybC, HycA, FdoG, FrdC, LdhA and AceE | 32 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 h−1 | 32 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 h−1 | Glucose | Maeda et al. (2007b) |
| Inactivation of Hyd 1, Hyd 2, LdhA and overexpression of truncated FhlA | 5.3 mmol H2 l−1 h−1 | 24 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 h−1 a | Glucose | Turcot et al. (2008) |
| Inactivation of HycA, HyaAB, HybBC, LdhA and FrdAB | 31.3 mmol H2 (g DCW)−1 h−1 | 63 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 h−1 | Glucose | Kim et al. (2009) |
| Inactivation of HyaAB, HybABC, HycA, LdhA and FrdBC | 1.9 mmol H2 (g DCW)−1 l−1 h−1 | 1.5 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 h−1 | Glucose | Mathews et al. (2010) |
| Production of Hyd 1 | 3 ml H2 100 ml−1 | 0.8 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 h−1 a | Glucose + formate | Kim et al. (2010) |
| Inactivation of HycA and LacI | 5.88 ml H2 OD−1 h−1 | 11 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 h−1 | Cheese whey | Rosales‐Colunga et al. (2010) |
| Adaptive evolution | ||||
| Chemical mutagenesis and adaptive evolution | 22 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 | 4 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 h−1 | Glycerol | Hu and Wood (2010) |
| Heterologous gene expression | ||||
| Production of [Fe] hydrogenase from E. cloacae | 0.96 mmol h−1 | 14.5 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 h−1 a | Glucose | Chittibabu et al. (2006) |
| Production of HoxEFUYH hydrogenase from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 | 22 ± 3 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 | 4 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 h−1 | Glucose | Maeda et al. (2007c) |
| Production of HoxEFUYH hydrogenase and the maturation proteins HypABCDEF and HoxW from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 | 8.4 µmol H2 l−1 | 0.004 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 h−1 | Glucose | Wells et al. (2011) |
| Production of HydFEGA | 429.3 nmol H2 min−1 l−1 | 0.12 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 h−1 a | Glucose | Akhtar and Jones (2008a) |
| Production of HydFEGA and inactivation of IscR | 1257.5 nmol H2 min−1 l−1 | 0.34 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 h−1 a | Glucose | Akhtar and Jones (2008a) |
| Inactivation of IscR, production of HydFEGA hydrogenase from C. acetobutylicum, CpFdX ferredoxin from C. pasterianum and YdbK pyruvate–flavodoxin oxidoreductase from E. coli | 9.6 mmol H2 (g DCW)−1 h−1 | 19 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 h−1 | Glucose | Akhtar and Jones (2009) |
| Production of HupSL hydrogenase from Rhodobacter sphaeroides | 19.68 µL H2 (ml culture−1) h−1 | 1.1 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 h−1 | Glucose | Lee et al. (2010) |
| Inactivation of HycA and TatC and expression of the genes encoding ScrKYABR invertase from Bacillus subtilis | 1.38 ml H2 (mg DCW)−1 l−1 | 3.9 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 h−1 | Sucrose | Penfold and Macaskie (2004) |
| Inactivation of IscR, production of HydFEGA hydrogenase from C. acetobutylicum, CpFdX ferredoxin from C. pasterianum and YdbK pyruvate–flavodoxin oxidoreductase from E. coli, and amyE from B. subtilis | 30 µmol H2 culture−1 | 0.65 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 h−1 a | Starch | Akhtar and Jones (2009) |
| Single gene knockout or expression | ||||
| Inactivation of HycA | NA | 109 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 h−1 | Formate | Yoshida et al. (2005) |
| Production of FhlA | 7 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 h−1 | 7 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 h−1 | Formate | Maeda et al. (2008a) |
| Inactivation of HycA | 31 ml H2 (OD)−1 l−1 | 6.3 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 h−1 | Glucose | Penfold et al. (2003) |
| Inactivation of FocA | 14.9 µmol H2 (mg DCW)−1 | 1.8 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 h−1 | Glucose | Fan et al. (2009) |
| Inactivation of HybC | 12.1 µmol H2 (mg DCW)−1 | 1.4 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 h−1 | Glucose | Fan et al. (2009) |
| Inactivation of NarL | 14.4 µmol H2 (mg DCW)−1 | 1.7 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 h−1 | Glucose | Fan et al. (2009) |
| Inactivation of Ppc | 11.2 µmol H2 (mg DCW)−1 | 1.3 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 h−1 | Glucose | Fan et al. (2009) |
| Production of Fnr | 6.2 µmol H2 (mg DCW)−1 | 3.1 µmol H2 (mg protein)−1 h−1 | Glucose | Fan et al. (2009) |
a.
Assuming cell turbidity is 1.