Table 2.
Manipulation | Test | Strain | Modified capabilities | Effect | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
uvrAB mutation | SOS Chromotest | PQ37/sfiA::Mud(Ap lac) cts | Deficiency in nucleotide excision repair | Increased sensitivity toward certain genotoxicants | Ames et al. (1973), Baumstark‐Khan et al. (2001), Nunoshiba and Nishioka (1991), El Mzibri et al. (1996), Oda et al. (1985), Quillardet et al. (1982), Østergaard et al. (2007) |
umu‐test | TA1535/umuDC′::lacZ | ||||
GenoTox | TA1535/cda′::gfp | ||||
SOS lux | TA1538/cda′::lux | ||||
VITOTOXTM | TA104/recN2‐4′::lux | ||||
sulA‐test | TA1538/sulA′::lacZ | ||||
Rec‐lac test | KY946 ϕ(recA–lacZ) | ||||
tag mutation | SOS‐Chromotest | PQ243/sfiA::Mud(Ap lac) cts | Inactivation of the constitutive 3‐methyl‐adenine DNA glycosylase I | Response to lower concentrations of alkylating agent as MNNG, MMS, etc. | Costa de Oliveira et al. (1987), Quillardet and Hofnung (1993) |
oxyR mutation | SOS Chromotest | PQ300/sfiA::Mud(Ap lac) cts | Depletes the oxidative stress responses under the control of OxyR transcription regulator | More sensitive to various classes of peroxides and compounds generating peroxides | Muller and Janz (1992), Quillardet and Hofnung (1993) |
rfa mutation | SOS Chromotest | PQ37/sfiA::Mud(Ap lac) cts | Mutation in the core enzymes of lypopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis. Incomplete LPS composed of the ketodeoxyoctanoate‐lipid core. | Higher permeability to substances, especially important with larger hydrophobic genotoxins. | Ames et al. (1973), El Mzibri et al. (1996), Oda et al. (1985), Østergaard et al. (2007), Verschaeve et al. (1999), Quillardet and Hofnung (1985), Rettberg et al. (2001) |
umu‐test | TA1535/umuDC′::lacZ | ||||
GenoTox | TA1535/cda′::gfp | ||||
SOS lux | TA1538/cda′::lux | ||||
VITOTOXTM | TA104/recN2‐4′::lux | ||||
sulA‐test | TA1538/sulA′::lacZ | ||||
tolC mutation | GenoTox | N43/cda′::gfpmut3 | Inactivation of the efflux, outer membrane transporter‐TolC | Limited efflux capability, increases sensitivity to genotoxins | Davidov et al. (2000), Norman et al. (2005), Rettberg et al. (2001), Maehana et al. (2004) |
SOS lux | PB3/cda′::lux | ||||
recA′::lux | DE112/recA′::lux | ||||
SOSluc | KT1008/umuD′::luc | ||||
S. typhimurium NR overexpression | umu‐test | NM1011/umuDC′::lacZ | High nitroreductase activity | Highly sensitive towards many nitroarenes as 2‐NF, 1‐NP, etc. | Oda et al. (1992) |
S. typhimurium O‐AT overexpression | umu‐ test | NM2009/umuD′::lacZ | Thirteen‐fold higher isoniazid‐N‐acetyltransferase activity | High sensitivity toward nitro‐ and dinitro‐containing compounds, as wells as arylamins, aminoanzo and HAs. | Oda et al. (1993), Oda et al. (1995) |
S. typhimurium O‐AT and NR overexpression | umu‐test | NM3009/umuDC′::lacZ | High O‐AT and NR activity | Increased sensitivity to aromatic amines and nitroarens with/without external MA (S‐9) | Oda et al. (1995), Oda et al. (2004), Østergaard et al. (2007) |
GenoTox | TGO2/cda′::gfp | ||||
Human N‐ATs (NAT1 and NAT2) expression in S. typhimurium | umu‐test | NM6001/umuDC′::lacZ | N‐acetyltransferase 1 or N‐acetyltransferase 2 activity | Increased sensitivity to aromatic amines and heterocyclic aromatic amines | Oda et al. (1999) |
NM6002/umuDC′::lacZ | |||||
Human CYP1A2 and NADPH–P450 reductase expression in S. typhimurium | umu‐test | OY1001/umuDC′::lacZ | 7‐Ethoxyresorufin O‐de‐ethylation and NADPH–cytochrome c reductase activity | Detection of some carcinogenic HAs, without the addition of metabolic activation system (S‐9) | Aryal et al. (1999) |
Human CYP1A2 and NADPH–P450 reductase with O‐AT expression in S. typhimurium | umu‐test | OY1002/umuDC′::lacZ | 7‐Ethoxyresorufin O‐de‐ethylation and NADPH–cytochrome c reductase activity, joint with high O‐AT activity | More sensitive to HAs than the previous strain, with ought external MA. Detects the mutagens APNH and APH. | Aryal et al. (2000), Oda et al. (2004) |
CYP1A2, cytochrome P450 1A2; O‐AT, O‐acetyltransferase; NR, nitroreductase; N‐AT, N‐acetyltransferase; HA, hetrocyclic amines; MA, metabolic activation; APNH, aminophenylnorharman; APH, aminophenylharman.