(A) Human iPSC-derived NPCs can be derived from the manual isolation of neural rosette structures from iPSC colonies subject to neuroepithelial patterning by a variety of methods (33–44), including “dual SMAD” inhibition, growth factor removal, and from spontaneous formation. Isolated NPCs can be expanded in neural progenitor selective conditions on poly-ornithine/laminin coated surfaces in the presence of the mitogens EGF and FGF2 (bFGF). (B) Example of immunocytochemical analyses of the neural progenitor markers (Nestin, SOX2 and PSA-NCAM) and (C) neuronal markers (TuJ1+, MAP2+, SMI312+) after differentiation for 7 days that is initiated by removal of EGF and FGF2 (bFGF) mitogens. Images adapted from (63).