Table 3.
Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of purified plant fractions and essential oils against antibiotic resistant bacteria.
| Botanical name | Family | Parts used | Gram-positive and -negative bacteria (MICs µg/mL) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KHW | TES | K.p | K.Pr | S.a | St.p | S.p | V.d | S.t | |||
| A. indica Juss. | Meliaceae | Seed (fraction) | 31.25 | 62.5 | 125 | <250 | 31.25 | — | — | — | — |
| A. marmelos (L.) | Rutaceae | Root-bark (F) | 31.25 | 31.25 | — | — | 31.25 | 62.5 | 125 | 250 | — |
| A. paniculata Nees | Acanthaceae | Leaf (fraction) | 250 | — | 125 | — | 62.5 | — | — | 125 | — |
| A. vasica Nees | Acanthaceae | Fraction (Stem) | 15.6 | 31.25 | 31.25 | 62.5 | — | <250 | 31.25 | 31.25 | — |
| C. acida Roxb. | Rutaceae | Leaf (fraction) | 15.6 | 62.5 | — | — | 7.8 | — | 31.25 | — | — |
| E. cardamomum White et Mason | Acanthaceae | Fraction (WP) | 62.5 | — | 31.25 | — | 31.25 | 250 | 62.5 | — | — |
| S. indicus (L.) | Euphorbiaceae | Whole plant (F) | 31.25 | 125 | 15.6 | — | 62.5 | — | — | <250 | — |
| T. involucrata (L.) | Euphorbiaceae | Shellosol (leaf) | 15.6 | 31.25 | — | — | 7.8 | 62.5 | — | — | — |
| Cinnamomum zeylanicum (L.) | Lauraceae | Bark (fraction) | 15.6 | 62.5 | — | — | 7.8 | 31.25 | — | — | 125 |
| Cymbopogon citratus (L.) | Graminae | Leaf (fraction) | 250 | <250 | 62.5 | — | 62.5 | 125 | — | — | — |
| Eugenia caryophyllus (L.) | Myrtaceae | Flower buds (F) | 62.5 | 125 | — | — | 62.5 | — | — | — | — |
| Eucalyptus globulus (L.) | Myrtaceae | Fraction (leaf) | — | — | — | — | — | — | <250 | — | <250 |
| Mentha piperita (L.) | Labiatae | Fraction (WP) | — | 62.5 | 31.25 | — | 31.25 | — | <250 | — | — |
| Ocimum sanctum (L.) | Labiatae | Leaf (fraction) | 62.5 | 125 | — | 31.25 | 62.5 | — | 125 | <250 | — |
| Rosmarinus officinalis (L.) | Labiatae | Rosemary oil | 31.25 | — | — | — | 31.25 | — | — | — | — |
| Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) | Graminae | Root (fraction) | — | 125 | 125 | — | — | — | >250 | >250 | |
The bacterial growth inhibitory activity was compared for significant differences within the bacterial strains by broth-dilution method at 250, 125, 62.5, 31.25, 15.6, and 7.8 µg/mL. F: fractions.