Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population by sex.
| Characteristics | Study population N=285 | Men N=216 | Women N=69 | P* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), years | 41 (34-46) | 41 (34-47) | 39 (30-45) | 0.12 |
| Race, no. (%) | <0.001 | |||
| White | 163 (57) | 138 (64) | 25 (36) | |
| African-American | 106 (37) | 66 (31) | 40 (58) | |
| Hispanic | 8 (3) | 5 (2) | 3 (4) | |
| Asian | 5 (2) | 5 (2) | 0 | |
| Other | 3 (1) | 2 (1) | 1 (1) | |
| CD4+ lymphocyte count, median (IQR), cells/mm3 | 428 (269-621) | 425 (260-635) | 434 (288-589) | 0.71 |
| HIV-1 RNA, median (IQR), log10 copies/mL | 3.0 (1.8-4.0) | 2.9 (1.8-4.1) | 3.3 (1.8-4.0) | 0.55 |
| Hemoglobin, median (IQR), g/dL | 14.5 (13.2-15.6) | 14.9 (13.7-15.8) | 12.7 (11.8-13.9) | <0.001 |
| Anemia, no. (%) | 42 (15) | 22 (10) | 20 (29) | <0.001 |
| **Iron, median (IQR), μg/dL | 83 (62-118) | 90 (68-121) | 75 (47-97) | 0.004 |
| HAART use, no. (%) | 194 (68) | 158 (73) | 36 (52) | 0.001 |
| AZT use, no. (%) | 103 (36) | 83 (38) | 20 (29) | 0.16 |
| Antioxidant use, no. (%) | 10 (4) | 9 (4) | 1 (1) | 0.29 |
| Aspirin use, no. (%) | 9 (3) | 8 (4) | 1 (1) | 0.35 |
| NSAIDs use, no. (%) | 15 (5) | 10 (5) | 5 (7) | 0.4 |
| Statin use, no. (%) | 8 (3) | 4 (2) | 4 (6) | 0.08 |
| Smoking category, no. (%) | 0.60 | |||
| Never smoker | 98 (34) | 71 (33) | 27 (39) | |
| Prior smoker | 37 (13) | 28 (13) | 9 (13) | |
| Current smoker | 150 (53) | 117 (54) | 33 (48) | |
| Heavy smoker | 78 (27) | 65 (30) | 13 (19) | 0.07 |
| BMI, median (IQR), m2/kg | 26.0 (23.0-30.0) | 26.0 (22.0-29.0) | 28.5 (24.3-34.0) | <0.001 |
| Hepatitis C, no. (%) | 54 (19) | 39 (18) | 15 (22) | 0.50 |
| Hepatitis B, no. (%) | 25 (9) | 22 (10) | 3 (4) | 0.14 |
| Liver failure/hepatotoxicity/cirrhosis, no. (%) | 9 (3) | 6 (3) | 3 (4) | 0.52 |
| Coronary artery disease, no. (%) | 5 (2) | 5 (2) | 0 (0) | 0.45 |
Note: IQR: interquartile range. HAART: highly active antiretroviral therapy. NSAID: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. BMI: body mass index.
*
Continuous variables were compared using Wilcoxon test. Categorical variables were compared using Pearson Chi-square test.
**
There were no clinical iron levels within 6 months of the F2-IsoP level in 73 (26%) participants, 65 (30%) men, 8 (12%) women.