Table 3.
Unadjusted and adjusted pairwise comorbidity for common childhood diagnoses with generalized anxiety and depression grouped together.
| CD | ODD | ADHD | DD | SOC | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | ||
| ODD | ||||||
| Unadjusted | 16.1 (11.0–23.5)‡ | |||||
| Adjusted | 11.3 (7.4–17.3)‡ | |||||
| ADHD | ||||||
| Unadjusted | 7.5 (4.9–11.3)‡ | 12.9 (9.2–18.3)‡ | ||||
| Adjusted | 2.4 (1.5–3.7)‡ | 6.0 (3.7–9.6)‡ | ||||
| DD | ||||||
| Unadjusted | 7.0 (4.6–10.4)‡ | 18.4 (13.5–25.2)‡ | 8.5 (5.7–12.7)‡ | |||
| Adjusted | 2.3 (1.3–4)* | 11.3 (7.1–18)‡ | 2.1 (1.1–3.7) | |||
| SOC | ||||||
| Unadjusted | 4.1 (2.2–7.7)‡ | 12.3 (7.2–21.1)‡ | 10.9 (6.1–19.3)‡ | 20.6 (11.1–38.3)‡ | ||
| Adjusted | 0.6 (0.2–1.5) | 2.0 (1.0–4.1) | 3.4 (1.5–8.0)* | 11.6 (5.2–25.8)‡ | ||
| SEP | ||||||
| Unadjusted | 2.9 (1.4–6.0)* | 8.6 (4.9–14.8)‡ | 10.7 (5.7–20.0)‡ | 11.0 (7.1–17.1)‡ | 20.0 (10.1–39.6)‡ | |
| Adjusted | 1.4 (0.8–2.8) | 1.8 (0.9–3.4) | 3.3 (1.8–6.2)‡ | 5.7 (3.0–10.8)‡ | 4.3 (2–9.3)‡ | |
CD, conduct disorder; DD, distress disorders; ODD, oppositional defiant disorder; ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; GAD, generalized anxiety disorder; SOC, social phobia; SEP, separation anxiety disorders.
Odds ratios in bold are significant at the p < 0.05 level. *p < 0.01. ‡p < 0.001.