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. 2013 Oct 31;3(10):e003587. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003587

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Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions

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Four-state model to estimate the extra risk of death and extra length of stay due to a hospital-acquired bloodstream infection. The arrows represent hazards in a survival model. The extra risk of death was estimated using the HR of the hazard of death for infected patients (arrow A) and the hazard for susceptible patients (arrow C). The extra length of stay for those discharged alive was calculated by comparing the time taken to discharge for infected patients (arrow B) with the time taken to discharge for susceptible patients (arrow D).