Table 1.

The key themes and the content of the 4 day LTP

Key themes	Content of LTP
1. Introduction to lean thinking and working	What is lean? The VUmc definition The different types of waste Learning to recognise waste Operational management as a driver of continuous improvement
2. Management by standards	How to formulate metrics/critical process indicators The use of visual management 5S as a lean tool Stand-ups as a daily routine
3. Solving problems	The benefits of standardisation Asking the appropriate questions for problem solving
4. Lean leadership	What is lean leadership? A leader's standard work

At the end of the LTP, all participants were asked to formulate at least one action point for improving their work using lean as an improvement philosophy.