Table 2.

Trauma Exposure in Maltreated Children and Control Subjects

	Maltreated Children		Control Children
	1	2	1	2
Physical Abuse	16%	6%	27%	—
Sexual Abuse	12%	18%	2.4%	—
Domestic Violence	8%	74%	59%	—
Multiple Out-of-Home Placements	67%	33%	—	—
Exposure to Community Violence	26%	8%	20%	—
Mean of Total Trauma Exposure Score	5.2 ± 1.8 (Range: 2−9)		1.1 ± .8 (Range: 0−3)

Scoring criteria: physical abuse rating—1 = excessive physical discipline (e.g., hit with object, no bruising); 2 = physical abuse with bruising or more serious injury; sexual abuse—1 = exposure to pornography or peer-related sexual misconduct; 2 = sexual abuse with an adult of sufficient severity to warrant criminal or protective services intervention; domestic violence—1 = frequent intense verbal arguments, throw objects at one another; 2 = more serious domestic disputes (e.g, hit other, use weapons, injury); multiple foster placements—1 = first placement in year prior to study entry; 2 = two or more placements before study entry; community violence—1 = gunshots heard in neighborhood, witness serious physical fight; 2 = witness shooting, death, or serious injury of another.