Reduction of CD4+FOXP3hiCD45RA− T cells and augmentation of NY-ESO-1–specific CD8+ T-cell responses in ATL patients after anti-CCR4 mAb (Mogamulizumab) therapy. (A) FOXP3+ Treg-cell subpopulations in PBMCs from two ATL patients (Pt. #17: acute type, HLA-A*2402/-, B*3901/5401, C*0102/0702 and Pt. #18: lymphoma type, HLA-A*0201/3101, B*3501/4002, C*0303/0401) before and after anti-CCR4 mAb therapy. These experiments were performed at least twice with similar results. The numbers indicate the percentage of gated CD4+ T cells. (B) Analysis of NY-ESO-1–specific CD8+ T-cell induction before and after anti-CCR4 mAb therapy. PBMCs from Pt. #18 were presensitized in the presence of APCs pulsed with NY-ESO-191–110 peptide corresponding to the patient’s HLA. NY-ESO-1–specific CD8+ T cells were detected with NY-ESO-1/HLA tetramers, and cytokine secretion of these NY-ESO-1–specific CD8+ T cells upon recognition of autologous activated T-cell APCs pulsed with NY-ESO-191–110 or control peptide was analyzed by intracellular cytokine staining. The numbers in figures indicate the percentage of gated CD8+ T cells. The result was derived from a single assay because of limited availability of the patient’s samples.