Table 1.

Guidelines for presentation of neuroimaging studies with a focus on population neuroscience areas of emphasis

Specific subject and recruitment details to report	Advantages of reporting this information regularly
Target population: Author note about who the sample may generalize to in the larger population	Draws attention to the author specified relevant population and draws attention to when samples may be limited in generalizing to other populations
Sample design: Sampling strategy used to select potential participants from a larger population pool	Allows readers to understand the strengths of the strategy used, as well as possible sampling error and bias within the study, and what methods will be needed to appropriately account for the strategy
Recruitment strategy and response rate: Techniques used to find, contact and encourage study participation	Allows for assessment of selectivity of sample by learning the extent to which nonresponse bias may influence the findings
Analysis exclusion criteria: Measures used to distinguish analysis sample	Delimits the sample and population of who and who is not included
Attrition bias: (longitudinal studies) Rates of continued participation	Allows for the assessment of selectivity of a longitudinal sample due various types of attrition
Demographics: age, race, and ethnicity, SES at each step from recruitment to scanning to those with usable data	Draws attention to the diversity of characteristics of the sample and potential bias in who is retained at any step along the way
Efforts to standardize across multiple scanners if the study includes such data: If multiple scanners or scan sites were used in data collection, what specific steps were taken to standardize pulse sequences, protocols, and other factors that might affect the imaging data? What steps were taken to adjust for scanner variability without removing variability that is due to differing demographics or participant characteristics across sites?	Draws attention to portions of the protocol that are standard across sites, and elements that may introduce variability

A complement to the guidelines suggested by Poldrack et al. (115), which include suggestions for reporting design specification, task specification, planned comparisons, details of the subject sample (e.g., inclusions/exclusion criteria), ethics approval, behavioral performance, image properties, preprocessing, first level modeling, group level modeling, inferences related to statistical images, ROI analysis, and figures/tables.