Table 1. Study subject characteristics at enrollment^*.

Characteristic	GENISOS cohort (n = 266)	Control subjects (n = 97)
Women	221 (83)	78 (80)
Age at first study visit, mean ± SD years	48.6 ± 13.5	48 ± 12.7
Ethnicity
White	125 (47)	48 (49)
African American	54 (20)	17 (18)
Latino	77 (29)	27 (29)
Diffuse cutaneous involvement	156 (59)
Disease duration 1, mean ± SD years†	2.5 ± 1.6
Disease duration 2, mean ± SD years‡	4.5 ± 5.4
Anticentromere antibody	32 (12)
Anti–topoisomerase I antibody	49 (18)
Anti–RNA polymerase III antibody	61 (23)
Anti–U1 RNP antibody	30 (11)
Treatment with immunosuppressive agents	82 (32)

^*Values are the number (percentage) unless indicated otherwise. GENISOS = Genetics Versus Environment in Scleroderma Outcome Study.

^†Calculated from the onset of the first non–Raynaud's phenomenon symptom.

^‡Calculated from the onset of the first symptom attributable to systemic sclerosis, including Raynaud's phenomenon.