TABLE 2.

Effects of equivalent osmolarities of citric acid, sorbitol, KCl, and NaCl on glycerol production and growth rate of S. cerevisiae BY4741 MATa and Δhog1 deletion mutant

Treatment	Osmolarity (mmol kg−1)	Glycerol level (mmol g of protein−1) after 3 h	% Growth inhibition
			BY4741 MATa	Δhog1
ME medium (pH 3.5) (control)	83	2.9	-a	-
150 mM citric acid	263	4.3	10	33
300 mM citric acid	460	6.8	34	59
230 mM sorbitol	263	5.4	-	-
460 mM sorbitol	460	8.3	-	9.3
100 mM KCl	263	4.5	-	-
210 mM KCl	460	5.2	-	13.2
125 mM NaCl	263	4.2	-	-
250 mM NaCl	460	6.3	-	14.5

^a-, no effect on growth rate.