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. 2013 Oct 30;8:523–532. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S52637

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© 2013 Kurashima et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License

© The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

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Segmental low attenuation area by GOLD stage and percentages of airway lumen-obliterated emphysema by GOLD stage. (Left panels) The segmental low attenuation area (LAA) is a mean of the LAA in the peripheral, middle, and central zones of each bronchus. Analysis of variance with the Tukey–Kramer multiple comparison test was used to compare groups. Asterisks indicate *P<0.05; **P<0.01; and ***P<0.001 compared with controls. (Right panels) The percentage of airway lumen-obliterated emphysema in each segment (part A) and according to GOLD airflow limitation stages (part B) were significantly different with the Kruskal–Wallis test.

Abbreviations: GOLD, Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; N, normal controls; I, stage I; II, stage II; III, stage III; and IV, stage IV.