Figure 5.

AgNPs inhibited H3N2 IFV binding on MDCK cells, as observed by immunofluorescence staining. (A) Mock cells. (B and C) Extensive fluorescence was observed in IFV control and cells treated with the mixture of virus and solvent, respectively. (D) Treatment of virus with 50 μg/ml AgNPs for 2 hours prior to incubation with MDCK cells. (E and F) No obvious fluorescence was observed in preinfection (cells infected with virus for 2 hours then incubated with 50 μg/ml AgNPs for a further 2 hours) and post-infection (cells were incubated with 50 μg/mL AgNPs for 2 hours then infected with virus for a further 2 hours), respectively.

Note: scale bar, 20 μm.

Abbreviations: AgNPs, silver nanoparticles; IFV, influenza virus; MDCK, Madin-Darby canine kidney.