|
Academics and teachers
|
Emslie et al. (2002) Gender differences in mental health: evidence from 3 organisations[69]
|
White collar workers from a bank, a university and the civil service in the UK (Only the data from the British university is presented as the other data is presented in another study in the review). |
Cross-sectional questionnaire study, questionnaires distributed to all university employees in white collar occupations. |
1641 |
67% |
1009 men, 632 women. Mean ages: males – 44 y, females – 39 y |
GHQ-12 (2/3) |
Males - 24%, Females - 27% |
|
Academics and teachers
|
Kinman & Jones (2008a) Effort reward balance and over commitment:Predicting strain in academic employees in the UK[43]
|
UK academics |
Cross sectional study. Random sampling. |
844 |
1108/5000 staff (22%), but only 844 included in current study |
59% male. 77% aged 40 y or over |
GHQ-12 (3/4) |
41.80% |
|
Academics and teachers
|
Kinman (2008b) Work stressors, health and sense of coherence in UK academic employees[44]
|
UK academics |
Cross-sectional postal study. Random sample of 1000 UK academic employees working full time. |
465 |
47% |
59% male. Mean 46 y (S.D. 7.4). |
GHQ-12 (3/4) |
43.40% |
|
Academics and teachers
|
McClenahan et al. (2007) The importance of context specificity in work stress research: A test of the demand-control-support model in academics[45]
|
UK academics |
Cross sectional and non-random (only lecturers and senior lecturers were included) |
166 |
225 responded – (23%) – analyses restricted to 166 lecturers and senior lecturers |
105 men and 61 women. Mean age 44 y (SD 10, range 26-64). |
GHQ-12 (3/4) |
31.80% |
|
Academics and teachers
|
Miller & Travers (2005) Ethnicity and the experience of work: Job stress and satisfaction of minority ethnic teachers in the UK[46]
|
Minority ethnic teachers in the UK |
Cross sectional. Non-random sampling. |
208 |
208/1900 (9%) |
77.7% female (160). Age range 21–65 y |
GHQ-12 (3/4) |
44.2% (Males - 34.8%, Females - 46.3%) |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
Alexander and Klein (2001) Ambulance personnel and critical incidents: Impact of accident and emergency work on mental health and emotional well-being[70]
|
Ambulance personnel, UK |
Cross sectional survey, non-random sampling. |
110 |
69% |
86% male. Age range: 20–29 y: 17%, 30–39 y: 47%, 40–49 y: 22%, 50+y: 14%. |
GHQ 28(4/5) |
32% |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
Appleton et al, (1998) A survey of job satisfaction, sources of stress and psychological symptoms among general practitioners in Leeds[71]
|
GPs, Leeds, UK |
Cross-sectional postal questionnaire, non-random sampling. |
285 |
70% |
61% male.Mean age - 42.2 y (SD: 9.21 y, range: 28–68 y) |
GHQ-12(2/3) |
52% |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
Baldwin et al. (1997) Young Doctors' Health- II. Health and Health Behaviour[72]
|
Junior Doctors, UK |
Cross sectional study, non-random sampling. |
142 |
95% |
54.9% male. Mean age - 25 y |
GHQ-28, (4/5) |
37% |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
Bamber & McMahon (2008) Danger - early maladaptive schemas at work! [73]
|
NHS staff at a Primary Care Trust and Hospital Trust in York, England |
Cross sectional survey. Non-random sampling. |
249 |
24.80% |
27% male. Mean age 42 y (S.D. 9.8 y, range 21–64 y) |
GHQ-28 (4/5) |
34.1% |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
Berman et al. (2007) Occupational stress in palliative medicine, medical oncology and clinical oncology specialist registrars[15]
|
Specialist registrars in palliative medicine, clinical oncology and medical oncology, UK |
Cross-sectional mail survey, non-random sampling. |
449 (390) |
65.70% |
34.2% male, Mean ages (SD): Overall 32.7 y (3.3), Palliative medicine 33 y (4.1), Medical oncology 32.9 y (2.9), Clinical oncology 32.3 y (3.0), |
GHQ-12 (3/4) |
26.2%. For individual groups. Palliative: 19.5%, Medical 29.1%, Clinical 28.7%. |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
Burbeck et al. (2002) Occupational stress in consultants in accident and emergency medicine: a national survey of levels of stress at work[16]
|
Accident and emergency consultants, UK |
Cross sectional postal survey, non-random sampling. |
350 |
78% |
83.4% male. Median age: 45 y, range 31–67. |
GHQ-12(3/4) |
44% |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
Butterworth et al. (1999) Stress, coping, burnout and job satisfaction in British nurses: Findings from the clinical supervision evaluation project[74]
|
Nurses, UK |
Cross-sectional survey, non-random sampling. |
586 |
96% |
10% male. Age range: 21–30 y: 28%, 31–40 y: 37%, 41–50 y: 25%, 50+y: 11%. |
GHQ-28 (4/5) |
Overall: 30%, ward staff: 28%, community nurses 41%, social work trainees 64%. |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
Calnan et al. (2001) Mental health and stress in the workplace: the case of general practice in the UK[17]
|
GP practice staff, UK |
Cross sectional survey, random sample of general practices and non-random within practices. |
719 |
70% |
Reported to be mainly female and in the age range 35–44 y. |
GHQ-12(3/4) |
Overall 23%. Doctors and nurses 30%, district nurses 27%, health visitors 24%, practice nurses 22%, receptionists 17%, admin/clerical staff 19%. |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
Caplan et al. (1994) Stress, anxiety and depression in hospital consultants, general practitioners and senior health service managers[75]
|
Hospital consultants, GPs and health services managers, Lincoln, England |
Cross sectional survey. Non-random sampling. |
389 (65 consultants, 257 GPs, 67 managers) |
80% consultants, 80% GPs, 56% managers |
Not reported |
GHQ-28 (5/6) |
Overall - 46%. Consultants - 46%, GPs - 48%, Managers - 46% |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
Catt et al. (2005) The informational roles and psychological health of members of 10 oncology multidisciplinary teams in the UK[18]
|
Members of multidisciplinary cancer teams in England, Wales & Scotland |
Cross sectional survey. Non-random sampling. |
144 (142) |
Not reported |
Not reported |
GHQ-12 (3/4) |
25/142 (18%) |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
Coomber et al. (2002) Stress in UK intensive care unit doctors[19]
|
ICU doctors in the UK |
Cross sectional postal survey. Non-random sampling. |
627 (610) |
70% total response (627/896) or 80% of potentially eligible responders (627/788) |
3.4% male. Mean age 41.8 y (S.D. 7.3 y) |
GHQ-12 (3/4) |
28.5% (24.9-32.1%) (Males - 28.3%, Females - 29.3%) |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
Cushway (1992) Stress in clinical psychology trainees[76]
|
Clinical psychology trainees in the UK |
Cross sectional survey. Non-random sampling. |
287 |
76% |
27% male. Mean age 27.4 y (S.D. 4.9 y) range 22–42 y |
GHQ-28 (4/5) |
59% |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
Cushway and Tyler (1994) Stress and coping in Clinical Psychologists[77]
|
Clinical Psychologists, West Midlands UK |
Cross-sectional, Non-random sampling. |
101 (95) |
67% |
38.4% male. Mean age: 37.6 y (S.D. 7.1 y) range: 25–61 y. |
GHQ-28(4/5) |
29.40% |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
Edwards et al. (2000) Stressors, moderators and stress outcomes: findings from the All-Wales Community Mental Health Nurse Study [78]
|
Community mental health nurses, UK |
Cross sectional survey, non-random sampling. |
301 |
49% |
38% male. Mean age: 40.4 y (S.D.7.2 y), range 23–63 y. |
GHQ-12(1/2) |
35% |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
Fagin et al. (1995) The Claybury community psychiatric nurse study[79]
|
Community psychiatric nurses. North East Thames region, UK. |
Cross sectional survey. Non-random sampling. |
250 community psychiatric nurses, 323 ward-based psychiatric nurses (WBPN) |
Not reported |
CPN - 38% male, WBPNs - 37.2% male. Mean age: CPN - 38.9 y, WBPN - 34.7 y |
GHQ-28 (4/5) |
CPNs - 41%, WBPNs - 27.9% |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
Glozier et al. (2006) Attitudes of nursing staff towards co-workers returning from psychiatric and physical illnesses[80]
|
Nursing staff in one UK NHS Trust |
Cross sectional survey. Random sampling. |
117 (103) |
22% |
8.5% male. Mean ages for the 3 groups ranged from 35.6 y (S.D. 9.4 y) to 38.6 y (S.D. 8.6 y) |
GHQ-12 (2/3) |
27.60% |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
Gorter et al. (2011) Burnout and engagement in relation with job demands and resources among dental staff in Northern Ireland[21]
|
Dental staff, Northern Ireland, UK |
Cross-sectional mail survey, non-random sampling. |
135 |
45% |
25.2% male. Age: 50% aged 40–55 y. |
GHQ-12 (3/4) |
25% |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
Guthrie et al. (1999) Sources of stress, psychological distress and burnout in psychiatrists[22]
|
Psychiatrists, Manchester, UK |
Cross-sectional survey, non-random sampling. |
106 |
76.80% |
51.1% male. Consultants (59.6% male), Senior registrars (60.7% male), Registrars/SHOs (35.5% male) |
GHQ-12(3/4) |
31.40% |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
Hardy et al. (1999) Validation of the General Health Questionnaire-12 Using a Sample of Employees From England's Health Care Services[23]
|
NHS Staff, UK |
Cross-sectional interview, non-random sampling. |
11 637 |
Estimated response rate between 61–65% |
Mean age:38 y, SD 10.3 y, Range: 20–62 y |
GHQ -12(3/4) |
27% |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
Hughes & Parkes (2007) Work hours and well-being: The roles of work-time control and work-family interference[24]
|
Two UK public sector organisations |
Cross sectional study. Random sampling for primary care sample and non-random for local government. |
292 |
44% primary care and 46% local government |
All females. Mean age 42 y (S.D. 10 y, range 19–66 y). |
GHQ-12 (3/4) |
Primary care - 52/212 (24.5%), Local government office - 23/80 (28.8%) |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
Kumary & Baker (2008) Stresses reported by UK trainee counselling psychologists[25]
|
Counselling psychology trainees, UK |
Cross sectional postal survey. Non-random sampling. |
109 (93) |
41% |
19% male. Age range: 20–30 y – 47 (43%), 31–40 y - 36 (34%), 41 y+ - 24 (22%) |
GHQ-12 (3/4) |
58% |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
Loretto et al. (2010) Workplace change and employee mental health: results from a longitudinal study[26]
|
NHS staff in 6 UK NHS Trusts. |
First phase of a longitudinal postal survey. Stratified random sampling. |
5385 |
18.40% |
4/5 female. Mean age: 41 y (S.D. 10 y, range 17–70 y). |
GHQ-12 (3/4) |
24.20% |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
Macpherson et al. (1994) Psychological distress among workers caring for the elderly[81]
|
Workers caring for the elderly, UK |
Cross-sectional, Non-random sampling. |
188 |
67.40% |
9% male. Mean age: 38 y (S.D. 11.85 y, range 16–69 y) |
GHQ-30, CGHQ scoring system (12/13) |
26.6% (males 35.3%, females 25.7%) |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
McKinstry et al. (2004) The MAGPI (Morale Assessment in General Practice Index): a new way for doctors to self-assess their morale[82]
|
GPs in South East England, UK |
Cross sectional survey. Non-random sampling. |
613 |
70% |
Not reported |
GHQ-28 (4/5) |
31% |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
McManus et al. (1999) Are UK doctors particularly stressed?[2]
|
Doctors, UK |
Cross-sectional survey, random sampling within the medical directory. |
1261 (1013) |
81% |
Not reported |
GHQ-12(3/4) |
16.90% |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
McManus et al. (2000) Duties of a doctor: UK doctors and Good Medical Practice[27]
|
Doctors, UK |
Cross sectional questionnaire study, representative stratified sampling. |
556 (448) |
73% |
Not reported |
GHQ-12 (3/4) |
15% |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
McManus et al. (2002) How consultants, hospitals, trusts and deaneries affect pre-registration house officer posts: a multilevel model[28]
|
Pre-registration house officers (PRHOs), UK |
Cross-sectional, Non-random sampling. |
1435 (1330) |
58.40% |
Not reported |
GHQ-12(3/4) |
31.70% |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
McManus et al. (2003) A levels and intelligence as predictors of medical careers in UK doctors - 20 yr prospective study[29]
|
Doctors in the UK - originally recruited in London |
Phase 2 of a prospective study of clinical students. Non random sampling. |
349 |
464 out of the original 511 were on the 2001 Medical Register and 349 responded (73% response) |
Not reported |
GHQ-12 (3/4) |
18% |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
McManus et al. (2004) Stress, burnout and doctors' attitudes to work are determined by personality and learning style - A 12 yr longitudinal study of medical graduates[30]
|
Doctors who had previously applied to one of 5 medical schools as a student in the UK |
Cross sectional assessment in a prospective study. Non-random sampling. |
1668 (1617) |
2635 doctors were applicable for this study and 1668 of these responded (63.3%) |
Mean age 30.4 y (S.D. 1.86 y) range 28.3–49.2 y |
GHQ-12 (3/4) |
345/1617 (21.3%) |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
Oyefeso et al. (2008) Prevalence and associated factors in burnout and psychological morbidity among substance misuse professionals[14]
|
Substance misuse professionals, South Thames region, England, UK |
Cross-sectional study, non-random sampling. |
194 (187) |
69% |
43% male. Age: Mean (SD): 38 (9.9) |
GHQ-12(3/4) |
82.3%.82.40% males, 82.2% females. |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
Paice et al. (2002) Stressful incidents, stress and coping strategies in the pre-registration house officer year[31]
|
PRHOs - Newly qualified doctors, Hospitals, UK |
Cross sectional postal study, non-random sampling. |
1435 (1430) |
58.40% |
45.2% male. |
GHQ-12 (3/4) |
31.30% |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
Patterson & Bell (2000) Supporting staff in employment: the emotional wellbeing of staff in an NHS psychiatric hospital[83]
|
NHS staff of a large psychiatric service in Scotland, UK |
Cross sectional study. Non-random sampling. |
287 |
47.90% |
Not reported |
GHQ-28 (4/5) |
32.90% |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
Ramirez et al. (1995) Burnout and psychiatric disorder among cancer clinicians [32]
|
Consultant non-surgical oncologists, UK |
Cross sectional study. Non-random sampling. |
393 (60 medical oncologists, 207 clinical oncologists, 126 palliative care specialists) (392) |
83% (87% medical oncologists, 82% clinical oncologists, 82% palliative care specialists) |
Overall: 74% male. Medical oncologists -92% male, clinical oncologists – 79% male, palliative care specialists – 58% male.Age range - < = 35 y - 5%, 36–45 y - 49%, 46–55 y - 30%, >55 y - 16%. |
GHQ-12 (3/4) |
Overall - 28% (Medical oncologists - 32%, clinical oncologists 28%, palliative care specialists 25%) |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
Ramirez et al. (1996) Mental health of hospital consultants: the effects of stress and satisfaction at work[33]
|
Hospital consultants, UK |
Cross-sectional questionnaire based study, random sampling. |
882 |
78% |
88% male. Age ranges - <35 y - 3%, 36–45 y - 44%, 46–55 y - 37%, >55 y - 16%. |
GHQ-12 (3/4) |
27% |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
Sharma et al, (2008a) Stress and burnout among colorectal surgeons and colorectal nurse specialists working in the National Health Service[34]
|
Colorectal surgeons and nurses, Ireland and rest of UK |
Cross sectional, non-random sampling |
253 surgeons, 177 nurses (251 surgeons, 176 nurses) |
Surgeons: 55.6%, Nurses: 54.3% |
Surgeons: 90% male. Nurses: 4.5% male. Mean age: Nurses: 42.8 y, Surgeons: 47.7 y |
GHQ-12(3/4) |
Surgeons 30.2%, nurses 30.3% |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
Sharma et al. (2008b) Stress and burnout in colorectal and vascular surgical consultants working in the UK National Health Service[35]
|
Vascular surgeons, UK (Data for colorectal surgeons reported in another paper) |
Cross-sectional survey, non-random sampling |
248(244) |
62.3% |
94.3% male. Mean age 47.1 y (range 31–65 y) |
GHQ-12(3/4) |
Vascular surgeons: 35.7% |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
Sheikh & Hurwitz (2000) Psychological morbidity in general practice: a descriptive and explanatory study[84]
|
General practice managers from two health authorities in Southern England, UK |
Cross sectional postal survey. Non-random sampling. |
111 |
74.50% |
87% female. Mean age 46.5 y (S.D. 9.1) |
GHQ-28 (5/6) |
41/111 (37%) |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
Taylor et al. (2005) Changes in mental health of UK hospital consultants since the mid-1990s[11]
|
Hospital consultants in the UK |
Cross sectional survey. 2002 follow-up. Non-random. |
1308 |
1308/1794 (73%) |
81% female |
GHQ-12 (3/4) |
32% |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
Tyler et al. (1991) Stress and well-being in nurses: a comparison of the public and private sectors[85]
|
Nurses from 4 NHS and 3 private hospitals in the Midlands, England, UK |
Cross sectional survey. Non-random sampling. |
156 |
Overall 57%, 53% for the public sector, 63% for private |
Not reported |
GHQ-28 (3/4) |
33% |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
Wall et al. (1997) Minor psychiatric disorder in NHS trust staff: occupational and gender differences[36]
|
Employees from 19 NHS trusts in England, UK |
Cross sectional survey. Participants from larger occupational groups were randomly sampled and from smaller groups were non-randomly sampled. |
11637 (11291) |
61–65% |
26% male |
GHQ-12 (3/4) |
26.80% |
|
Health professionals and NHS staff
|
Wray et al. (2009) A wealth of knowledge: A survey of the employment experiences of older nurses and midwives in the NHS[86]
|
Nurses and midwives in NHS and primary care trusts in UK. |
Cross sectional postal survey. All qualified nurses and midwives over 50 y of age and a random sample of 20% of those aged <50 y. |
510 |
20% |
10% male. 62.1% were aged 50 y and over. |
GHQ-12 (23/24 Likert scoring) |
41% |
|
Manual workers
|
Avery et al. (1998) Mental and physical health of miners following the 1992 national pit closure programme[87]
|
Males working in the mining industry in 1992, Nottinghamshire, England, UK |
Cross sectional. Non-random sampling. |
241 current miners (226) |
51% overall |
All males. 45.6% under 35 y, 44.8% 36–49 y and 8.7% 50 y and over |
GHQ-12 (2/3) |
104 (46%) |
|
Manual workers
|
Booth and Lloyd (1999) Stress in Farmers[88]
|
Farmers, South-West of England, UK |
Cross sectional postal survey, non-random sampling. |
303 |
30.30% |
89.4% male. 36% were aged between 30–39 y. |
GHQ-28(4/5) |
35% |
|
Manual workers
|
Hussain (2004) Musculoskeletal symptoms among truck assembly workers[41]
|
Assembly workers at a UK based company |
Cross sectional study. Non-random sampling. |
323 |
323/461 (70%) |
Mean age 36.5 y (S.D. 12.3 y) |
GHQ-12 (3/4) |
51/323 (15.8%) |
|
Manual workers
|
Wadsworth et al. (2008) Fatigue and health in seafaring population[42]
|
Seafarers, UK |
Cross-sectional questionnaire survey, non-random sampling. |
1855 (1809) |
20% |
96% male. Mean age 43.5 y, median 45 y, range 17–66 y. |
GHQ-12 (3/4) |
18% |
|
Military personnel
|
Bridger et al. (2007) Occupational stress and strain in the naval service:1999 and 2004[37]
|
Personnel in Royal Navy and Royal Marines in the UK |
Cross sectional assessment in 1999. Stratified random sampling. |
1707 |
78%, |
1217 males, 490 females, Mean age - 31.05 y (S.D. 7.63 y), |
GHQ-12 (3/4) |
32%, (Males-31%, Females-43%,) |
|
Military personnel
|
Bridger et al. (2008) Occupational stress and strain in the Royal Navy 2007[38]
|
Personnel in Royal Navy and Royal Marines in the UK |
Phase 1 of a longitudinal study conducted from 2007–8. Stratified sample of 5000 naval personnel |
2596 |
2596/4542 (57%) |
Mean age 34.7 y |
GHQ-12 (3/4) |
31.5% (Males - 27.8% (26-30%), Females - 37.3% (34-50%) |
|
Military personnel
|
Hotopf et al. (2006) The health of UK military personnel who deployed to the 2003 Iraq war: a cohort study[5]
|
UK armed forces personnel |
Cross sectional assessment. First phase of a cohort study. Random stratified sampling. |
10272 (Era group - 5550, TELIC - 4722) |
58.7% |
Era -90% male, TELIC - 92% male. |
GHQ-12 (3/4) |
Era - 20% (1071/5481), TELIC - 20% (953/4631) |
|
Military personnel
|
Jones et al. (2006) The burden of psychological symptoms in UK armed forces[39]
|
UK armed forces personnel |
Cross sectional postal survey. Random sampling. |
1382 |
65% |
92% male, Mean age 32 y (S.D. 7.9 y) |
GHQ-12 (3/4) |
270/1382 (20%) |
|
Military personnel
|
Unwin et al. (1999) Health of UK servicemen who served in Persian Gulf War[89]
|
UK armed forces personnel |
Cross sectional postal survey. Random stratified sampling. |
8195 (7507) |
65% |
All males. Mean age 34.7 years |
GHQ-12 (2/3) |
Overall - 31.2% (Gulf - 39.2%, Bosnia - 26.3%, Era - 24.0%) |
|
Other
|
Lloyd-Williams et al. (2004) A prospective study of the roles, responsibilities and stresses of chaplains working within a hospice[48]
|
Chaplains working within a hospice, UK |
Cross-sectional study. Questionnaires sent to all chaplains working in a hospice in the UK. |
115 |
57% |
Not reported |
GHQ-12(3/4) |
24% |
|
Police
|
Biggam et al. (1997) Coping with the occupational stressors of police work[90]
|
Serving Scottish police officers, UK |
Cross sectional study. Non-random sampling. |
699 |
Not reported |
87.5% male. Mean age 35.9 y (range 18–56) |
GHQ-28 (4/5) |
22.8% (n = 160) |
|
Police
|
Brown et al. (1999) Distinguishing traumatic, vicarious and routine operational stressor exposure and attendant adverse consequences in a sample of police officers[91]
|
Police Officers, UK |
Cross-sectional study. Non-random sampling. |
593 |
60% female, 61% male. |
61.9% male. Mean age: males - 35.1 y (8.09 y), females - 29.4 y (6.0 y) |
GHQ-12 (1/2) |
40% |
|
Social services staff
|
Coffey et al. (2004) Stress in Social Services: Mental Well-being, Constraints and Job Satisfaction[40]
|
Social Services staff, North-West England, UK |
Cross-sectional study. Non-random sampling. |
1234 (1,078) |
32.70% |
19% male. Age range: 50+y: -29% |
GHQ-12 (3/4) |
36% |
|
Social services staff
|
Evans et al. (2006) Mental health, burnout and job satisfaction among mental health social workers in England and Wales[20]
|
Mental health social workers in England & Wales, UK |
Cross sectional postal study. Random sampling. |
237 |
237/610 (39%) questionnaires received out of those distributed. Adjusted response rate of 49% as 125 participants were not eligible for the study |
39% male. Mean age 46 y (9.2 y) |
GHQ-12 (3/4) |
111 (47%) |
|
Social services staff
|
Kinman & Grant (2011) Exploring stress resilience in trainee social workers[92]
|
Trainee social workers in the UK |
Cross sectional study. Non-random sampling. |
240 |
Not reported |
18% male. Mean age 33.7 y (S.D. 9.04 y) |
GHQ-12 (2/3) |
43% |
|
White collar workers
|
Bond & Donaldson-Feilder (2004) The relative importance of psychological acceptance and emotional intelligence to workplace well-being[13]
|
5 organisations: a manufacturing company, the London office of an overseas government, the management consultancy arm of a large accountancy firm, the corporate headquarters of an insurance broker, and a financial services consultancy, UK |
Cross-sectional study. Non-random sampling. |
290 |
51% |
Male: 51%. Age: Mean: 38.19 y, SD: 10.55 y |
GHQ-12(3/4) |
14.40% |
|
White collar workers
|
Emslie et al. (1999) Problematizing gender, work and health: the relationship between gender, occupational grade, working conditions and minor morbidity in full-time bank employees[93]
|
Full time bank employees, Scotland, UK |
Cross sectional survey, Random sample other than for particular occupational grades for which all individuals invited to participate. |
2176 (2130) |
76% |
51.1% male. Mean age: 35.6 y, 60% aged 35 y or younger |
GHQ-12(2/3) |
Overall: 26.6%, (males: 25.0%, females: 28.0%). Clerical: 25%, supervisors: 27.6%, managers: 29.1% |
|
White collar workers
|
Guppy and Weatherstone (1997) Coping strategies, dysfunctional attitudes and psychological well-being in white collar public sector employees[47]
|
Public sector employees, UK |
Cross-sectional, random sample of offices in which all individuals invited to participate. |
274 |
99.60% |
31% male. Mean age 33 y, (S.D. 9.6 y, range: 17–59 y) |
GHQ-12 (3/4) |
26.30% |
|
White collar workers
|
Stansfeld et al. (1992) Social class and minor psychiatric disorder in British Civil Servants: a validated screening survey using the General Health Questionnaire [94]
|
Staff from 20 London based civil service departments aged between 35–55 years, UK. |
First phase of a longitudinal prospective study (1985–8). All civil servants in the selected departments, aged 33–55 years, invited to participate. |
10314 (10195) |
73% |
67% male. Aged 35–55 y. |
GHQ-30 (4/5) |
26.9% |
