Figure 2. Folate deficiency provokes nitrosative stress by NF-κB-dependent iNOS activation mechanism independent of Hcy accumulation.

(A) Production of nitric oxide (NO) was evaluated using probe-based confocal microscopic imaging technique. The overproduction of NO could be visualized in cells cultivated under FD condition. (B) NO production in FD RINm5F cells was confirmed using Griess reagent kit for nitrite determination. As expected, FD condition could indeed generate plethoric amounts of nitrite, an index of NO production. (C) FD-triggered overproduction of NO was linked mechanistically to NF-κB-dependent activation of iNOS.