Table 2.
Hazard Ratio (HR) (95% CI) for measures of glucose and insulin control, and body mass index in relation with cancer mortality in NHANES III (1988–1994) participants 20–89 years (N=15,594)
| N (cancer mortality) |
Hazard Ratio (95% CI) for overall cancer mortality |
N (cancer mortality) |
Hazard Ratio (95% CI) for all cancers excluding lung cancer |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fasting Glucose (mg/dl) per 50 Units (mg/dl)1 | ||||
| Age-Adjusted | 532 | 1.22 (1.06 – 1.42) | 372 | 1.24 (1.10 – 1.41) |
| Adjusted Model2 | 459 | 1.22 (1.06 – 1.39) | 330 | 1.25 (1.11– 1.41) |
| After Excluding Oral Hypoglycemic Agent/ Insulin (OHA) (N=14618) | ||||
| Age-adjusted | 468 | 1.08 (0.88–1.32) | 334 | 1.27 (1.07 – 1.53) |
| Adjusted Model2 | 409 | 1.05 (0.84 – 1.32) | 293 | 1.25 (1.03 – 1.52) |
| Non-Fasting Glucose (mg/dl) per 50 mg/dl1 (N=6636) | ||||
| Age-Adjusted | 263 | 1.09 (0.96 – 1.17) | 174 | 1.15 (1.02 – 1.22) |
| Adjusted Model2 | 231 | 1.18 (1.01 – 1.19) | 154 | 1.21 (1.03 – 1.26) |
| After Excluding Oral Hypoglycemic Agent/ Insulin (OHA) (N=14618) | ||||
| Age-adjusted | 250 | 1.05 (0.94 – 1.18) | 165 | 1.13 (1.01 – 1.27) |
| Adjusted Model2 | 220 | 1.11 (1.0 −1.21) | 145 | 1.16 (1.03 – 1.30) |
| Glycosylated Hemoglobin per 2%3 | ||||
| Age-Adjusted | 520 | 1.22 (0.97 – 1.53) | 370 | 1.13 (0.89 – 1.44) |
| Adjusted Model6 | 458 | 1.22 (0.96– 1.55) | 329 | 1.19 (0.94 – 1.51) |
| After Excluding Oral Hypoglycemic Agent/ Insulin (OHA) (N=14618) | ||||
| Age-adjusted | 466 | 1.04 (0.8 – 1.36) | 332 | 1.16 (0.83 – 1.62) |
| Adjusted Model6 | 408 | 1.02 (0.88 – 1.34) | 292 | 1.20 (0.86 – 1.66) |
| Insulin Resistance (yes/no)4 | 2541 11.5 | |||
| Age-Adjusted | 524 | 1.45 (1.11 – 1.89) | 373 | 1.74 (1.24 – 2.43) |
| Adjusted Model2 | 461 | 1.41 (1.07 – 1.87) | 331 | 1.67 (1.15 – 2.42) |
| After Excluding Oral Hypoglycemic Agent/ Insulin (OHA) (N=14,618) | ||||
| Age-adjusted | 469 | 1.31 (0.96 – 1.80) | 334 | 1.80 (1.24 – 2.62) |
| Adjusted Model2 | 410 | 1.26 (0.90 – 1.76) | 293 | 1.71 (1.12 – 2.61) |
| HOMA-IR per 5 Units | ||||
| Age-Adjusted | 578 | 1.04 (0.96 – 1.13) | 368 | 1.04 (0.96 – 1.13) |
| Adjusted Model2 | 455 | 1.06 (0.96 – 1.13) | 326 | 1.05 (0.98 – 1.14) |
| Fasting Insulin (µU/mL)5 | ||||
| Age-Adjusted | 518 | 0.99 (0.99 – 1.01) | 368 | 1.00 0.96 – .03) |
| Adjusted Model2 | 455 | 1.00 (0.97 – 1.03) | 326 | 1.01 (0.97 – 1.04) |
| Non-Fasting Insulin (µU/mL) (N=3372) | ||||
| Age-Adjusted | 105 | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 71 | 1.00 (1.0–1.01) |
| Adjusted Model2 | 95 | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 64 | 1.01 (1.0 – 1.01) |
| C-peptide per 1 Unit (pmol/ml) | ||||
| Age-Adjusted | 464 | 1.09 (0.92 – 1.29) | 330 | 1.18 (0.99 – 1.41) |
| Adjusted Model2 | 405 | 1.05 (0.87 – 1.28) | 289 | 1.15 (0.94 – 1.41) |
| Non-Fasting C-Peptide (pmol/ml) (N=3360) | ||||
| Age-Adjusted | 103 | 0.96 (0.76 – 1.21) | 69 | 1.10 (0.81 – 1.5) |
| Adjusted Model2 | 93 | 0.99 (0.76 – 1.28) | 62 | 1.11 (0.77 – 1.6) |
| Insulin Resistance Syndrome (yes versus no) | ||||
| Frequency of Insulin Resistance syndrome (yes) | ||||
| Age-Adjusted | 524 | 1.04 (0.77 – 1.41) | 373 | 1.16 (0.85 – 1.58) |
| Adjusted Model6 | 461 | 1.01 (0.72 – 1.42) | 331 | 1.16 (0.8 – 1.67) |
| Body Mass Index per 5 Units (kg/m2)7 | ||||
| Age-Adjusted | 524 | 0.93 (0.83 – 1.04) | 373 | 1.01 (0.89 – 1.14) |
| Adjusted Model6 | 461 | 0.92 (0.80 – 1.05) | 331 | 0.96 (0.83 – 1.11) |
1
Analyses were restricted to those individuals with values between 50 – 400 mg/dl
2
Adjusted for age, race, sex, smoking status, physical activity and body mass index
3
Analyses were restricted to those individuals with values <14%
4
Insulin resistance was defined as blood glucose >110 mg/dl and includes individuals who consumed oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin users
5
Insulin levels were restricted to those individuals with values <32 µU/ml
6
Adjusted for age, race, sex, smoking status, physical activity
7
BMI was restricted to those individuals with values < 50