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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Mar 19.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2013 Aug 28;501(7467):10.1038/nature12517. doi: 10.1038/nature12517

Figure 4. Organization and maturation of cerebral cortical neurons.

Figure 4

a, Immunohistochemical staining at day 30 showing preplate (Tbr1) with early signs of radial organization (MAP2, bracket i) and the presence of an IZ-like layer (bracket ii) adjacent to the VZ/SVZ (bracket iii). DAPI marks nuclei (blue). b, Reelin staining indicating Cajal-Retzius cells along the basal surface of dorsal cortical tissue. c, Staining for early born (Ctip2) and late born (Satb2) neurons at 75 days differentiation reveals separation and rudimentary inside-out organization. d. False color heat map frames from Fluo-4 calcium live imaging revealing spontaneous calcium surges (arrowheads). Time is displayed in min:sec. e. Single cell tracings of calcium surges with glutamate application (regions of interest, ROI, outlined in left panel) as measured by change in fluorescence (arbitrary units). Arrows mark the time of addition of glutamate. f. Single cell tracing (ROIs marked in image at left) of calcium surges before (left panels) and after the addition of TTX (right panels). Scale bars: 100 μm.