Table 5.

Main effects and interactions in experiment 2.

	NH	NH	CI
	unprocessed	vocoded
MAIN EFFECTS
Fricative	31.08***	17.47***	20.32***
Gender–Voice	13.43****	5.85***	9.70***
Gender–Face	n.s.	7.52***	10.14***
Vowel	3.31***	8.28***	7.4***
Lip rounding	13.52***	20.85***	18.84***
INTERACTIONS
Fricative: gender (voice)	n.s.	3.56***	2.38*
Fricative: gender (face)	n.s.	3.83***	2.15*
Fricative: vowel	7.05***	8.77***	4.28***
Fricative: lip rounding	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.
Gender (voice): gender (face)	N/A	n.s.	n.s.
Gender (voice): vowel	10.55***	n.s.	n.s.
Gender (voice): lip rounding	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.
Gender (face): vowel	N/A	3.28**	4.20***
Gender (face): lip rounding	N/A	5.55***	3.07***
Vowel: lip rounding	8.14***	9.68***	11.95***

NH, Normal hearing; CI, Cochlear implant; N/A, main effect absent; no potential interaction. Numbers represent Wald statistics (z-values), which reflect the strength of each factor in the model.

^***p < 0.001;

^**p < 0.01;

^*p < 0.05.